ANS Control of Blood Pressure

Question 1

What is Systolic Blood Pressure?

Answer 1

It is the pressure that in inside the arteries WHEN THE HEART PUMPS.

Question 2

What is Diastolic Blood Pressure?

Answer 2

It is the pressure when the HEART RELAXES BETWEEN BEATS

Question 3

What are the classification of HTN?

Answer 3

Diastolic BP > 80mmhg, Systolic BP >130mmhg

Question 4

HTN is the most common CV disease in the US?

Answer 4

Yes…

Question 5

HTN can cause damage to what organs?

Answer 5

Heart [HF, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina, MI]; Kidney [Kidney Disease/failure]; Brain [Stroke]; Eyes [Vision Loss]

Question 6

What are the two type of HTN?

Answer 6

Primary or Essential: There is no underlying cause toward the HTN
Secondary: There is an underlying disease/illness causing it and a possible treatment for it

Question 7

What are the causes for HTN?

Answer 7

Lifestyle [Excess Body Weight, Alcohol, Excess Na/ Too Little K, Lack of Exercise] Hyperlipidemia, Depression, Age [Increases with age], Sex, Genetic Factors, Race [African American]

Question 8

Is smoking a risk factor for HTN?

Answer 8

Cigarettes acutely raise blood pressure, BUT no solid evidence that smoking is associated with increased risk of HTN = NOT A RISK FACTOR

Question 9

What are the disease that may cause HTN?

Answer 9

Kidney Disease, Tumors, Cushing’s Syndrome, Conn’s Syndrome, Pregnancy [Preeclampsia], Medication Adverse Effects.

Question 10

Medications that may cause HTN?

Answer 10

High Estrogen Oral Contraceptives, Antidepressants [clozapine, venlafaxine], Rebound HTN.

Question 11

What is the ABCDE of HTN?

Answer 11

A: Aldosterone
B: Bad Kidney
C: Cushing’s Disease
D: Drug Interactions
E: Endocrine

Question 12

How is Diabetes related to HTN?

Answer 12

They both share very similar etiologies; so if the patient has HTN their more likely to have Diabetes and vice versa.

Question 13

What is the #1 recommended way to reduce your risk of HTN?

Answer 13

Non-pharmacologic Lifestyle Modifactions
-Changing up the diet, exercise, reduce sodium content, reduce alcohol, reduce smoking [even though it doesn’t affect HTN]

Question 14

What about using Pharmacologic treatments for HTN?

Answer 14

Basically, it is used to just decrease blood pressure overall
Blood Pressure = Cardiac Output x Vascular Resistance
-So, to decrease BP you’ll need to decrease CO and/or VR

Question 15

What are the parts of the Autonomic Nervous System?

Answer 15

Sympathetic [Fight or Flight]
Parasympathetic [Rest and Digest]

Question 16

What is the Autonomic Nervous System?

Answer 16

The autonomic nervous system is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal.
-What your body does on its own

Question 17

What neurotransmitters are found within the Sympathetic Nervous System?

Answer 17

Norepinephrine and Epinephrine

Question 18

What neurotransmitter are found within the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

Answer 18

Acetylcholine, Muscarine, and Nictione

Question 19

How do we define the type of neurons in the ANS?

Answer 19

Sensory Neurons??

Question 20

What is the baroreceptor reflex?

Answer 20

When the stretch receptors found within the Aortic Arch and the Carotid Sinus either get or don’t get stretched, which will send the signal to the brain. c causing either an increase or decrease in BP

Question 21

What cranial nerve is from the Aortic Arch?

Answer 21

CN X: Vagus Nerve
-Afferent

Question 22

What is the cranial nerve from the Carotid Sinus?

Answer 22

CN IX: Glossophyengeal
-Afferent

Question 23

Where do these cranial nerves go too?

Answer 23

The center of the Medulla

Question 24

Example of the Baroreceptor Reflex?

Answer 24

When you stand up too fast, your blood rushes away from all the important areas which will cause BP to decrease for that short period of time. The baroreceptors will sense that, sending a signal to the brain [medulla] then sending a signal back causing the HR, CO, and BP to increase for a short period of time.

Question 25

Where are the Alpha 1 Receptors mainly located at within the body?

Answer 25

Vascular Smooth Muscle

Question 26

Where are Beta 1 Receptors mainly located at within the body?

Answer 26

Cardiac Tissue [Cardioselective]

Question 27

How does the activation of beta 2 work?

Answer 27

Increase cAMP = relaxation of smooth muscle

-cAMP will cause an inhibition of Myosin Light Chain Kinase so there isn’t any MCLK getting phosphorylated causing a decrease in Contraction and an increase in relaxation.

Question 28

What is the basic pathway of contraction?

Answer 28

Ca2+ –> Calmodulin –> MLCK –> MLC –>MLC + Actin –> contraction.
-cAMP will

Question 29

How does Dopamine affect the Dopamine Receptors?

Answer 29

Dopamine acting on the Dopamine receptors will cause vasodilation

Question 30

How does Dopamine cause natriuresis?

Answer 30

It does this by inhibiting the tubule Na+ reabsorption, which will cause a decrease in blood volume.

Question 31

What does the RAAS Activation do?

Answer 31

Sympathetic Neurons are going to release Epi and Norepi from the adrenal which will then simulate the release of aldosterone from renin

Question 32

What does renin do toward Blood Pressure?

Answer 32

Renin will cause the blood pressure to increase, which is why Beta-Blocker are great at decreasing blood pressure.

Question 33

What does M3R do?

Answer 33

It will produce NO causing relaxation
-L Arginine with make NO which will travel to the smooth muscle causing it to relax = vasodilation
-NO is our bodies natural vasodilator