Musculoskeletal system

Question 1

What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

• Appendicular (limbs + attachments)
• Axial (centre of body - skull to tail)

Question 2

Give one adaption of the rabbit’s skeleton that help it to hop

Answer 2

• Curved spine
• Longer bones
• Longer phalanges

Question 3

State two musculoskeletal disorders

Answer 3

• Arthritis
• Rickets
• Scurvy
• Hip dysplasia

Question 4

What do ligaments do?

Answer 4

Connect bones to bones to form a joint

Question 5

What do tendons do?

Answer 5

Connect bones to muscles to allow movement

Question 6

Give two symptoms of hip dysplasia in dogs

Answer 6

• Stiffness
• Pain/discomfort
• Difficulty walking

Question 7

Describe the internal structure of bones in mammals

Answer 7

• Bone marrow
• Blood cells
• Spongy bone
• Minerals

Question 8

Describe the internal structure of bones in birds

Answer 8

• Honeycomb structure
• Air pockets
• Hollow
• Lighter for flight

Question 9

State four functions of the skeletal system

Answer 9

• Locomotion
• Protection
• Mineral storage
• Structure

Question 10

Give 3 functions of the integumentary system

Answer 10

• Storage of water and fat
• Camouflage
• Thermoregulation

Question 11

Give two types of joint

Answer 11

• Fibrous
• Synovial
• Hinge
• Ball and socket
• Cartilaginous

Question 12

Give the three layers of the skin

Answer 12

• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Subcutaneous layer

Question 13

Label the two glands in the skin

Answer 13

• Oil gland
• Sweat gland

Question 14

Describe two layers of the skin

Answer 14

• Epidermis - top layer, protective, waterproof
• Dermis - middle layer, nerves, blood vessels

Question 15

Define the term haematopoiesis

Answer 15

Formation/production of blood cells

Question 16

Explain two adaptions of the muscoskeletal structure of a bird that make it able to fly

Answer 16

• Hollow bones - reduces weight
• Fuses bones - strength/support
• Smaller number of bones - lighter for flight

Question 17

State two functions of feathers

Answer 17

• Flight
• Mating

Question 18

What are filoplumes

Answer 18

Small, sensory feathers

Question 19

What are contours

Answer 19

Outside feathers for insulation and to be waterproof

Question 20

What are flight feathers for?

Answer 20

Support during flight

Question 21

What are semiplume feathers for?

Answer 21

Insulation

Question 22

What are down feathers?

Answer 22

Small, soft, fluffy feathers for insulation

Question 23

What are ptarmigan feathers for?

Answer 23

Walking in snow

Question 24

What does the integumentary system include?

Answer 24

Skin, hair, scales, feathers, hooves

Question 25

Give 5 classifications of bones

Answer 25

• Long
• Short
• Flat
• Irregular
• Sesamoid

Question 26

Which bones are part of the axial skeletal system?

Answer 26

• Mandible
• Rib cage
• Skull

Question 27

What are the 6 feather types?

Answer 27

• Contour
• Down
• Semiplume
• Flight
• Bristle
• Filoplume

Question 28

What are feathers made of?

Answer 28

Beta-keratin

Question 29

What is the line down the middle of a feather called?

Answer 29

Rachis