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Yr 2 Anatomy > GI Week 1 Workbook > Flashcards

GI Week 1 Workbook Flashcards

1
Q

What dermatome is the umbilicus in?

A

T10

T10 for bellybut-TEN

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2
Q

The vertebral level of the umbilicus is

A

l3-l4

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3
Q

innervation of external oblique

A

Thoraco-abdominal
and subcostal nerves

Anterior rami of T7-
T12

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4
Q

innervation of internal oblique

A

Thoraco-abdominal nerves- anterior rami of T7-T11
Subcostal and first lumbar

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5
Q

innervation of transverse abdominus

A

Thoraco-abdominal nerves- anterior rami of T7-T11

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6
Q

innervation of rectus abdominis
what are they branches of

A

Thoraco-abdominalnerves

Anterior rami of T7-T12

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7
Q

action of external oblique

A

Compress and support organs
Flexion and rotation

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8
Q

action of internal oblique

A

Compress and support organs
Flexion and rotation

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9
Q

action of transversus abdominis

A

Compression and support

forced expiration

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10
Q

action of rectus abdominis x3

A

Flexes lumbar vertebra
Compresses organs
Stabilizes and controls tilt of pelvis

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11
Q

whats the linea alba made from
and it’s overall function

A

aponeuroses of external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis

attachment site for muscles

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12
Q

what 2 muscles lies within the rectus sheath

A
  1. Rectus abdominus
  2. pyramidalis
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13
Q

name for horizontal line in rectus sheath

A

linea alba

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14
Q

function of the pyramidalis

A

tense the linea alba

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15
Q

what does the rectus sheath end in

A

arcuate line

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16
Q

Above the umbilicus the lymphatic drainage goes to the
anterior or … nodes

A

axillary

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17
Q

Below the umbilicus the lymphatic drainage goes to the
…… nodes.

A

superficial inguial

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18
Q

whats the inguinal canal

A

a canal that provides a passage for structures from the abdomen
to the genital region

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19
Q

origin and attachment of inguinal ligament

A

originates at the anterior superior iliac spine
attaches to the pubic terbucle.

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20
Q

The inguinal ligament is formed from the aponeurosis of which muscle?

A

EO

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21
Q

The superficial inguinal ring is a break in the aponeurosis of what muscle layer?

A

EO

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22
Q

What anatomical point is used surgically to determine the location of the superficial inguinal ring?

A

pubic terbecle

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23
Q

Where is the deep inguinal ring positioned in relation to the pubic tubercle?

A

above midpoint- between pubic terbecle and ant sup iliac spine

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24
Q

The deep inguinal ring is an oval shaped opening in which muscle layer’s fascia?

A

transversalis fascia

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25
Q

The 4 borders of the inguinal canal

A
  • Anterior wall: medially aponeurosis of the external oblique, laterally internal oblique muscle
  • Posterior wall: transversalis fascia
  • Roof: transversalis fascia, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis.
  • Floor: inguinal ligament
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26
Q

contents of inguinal canal x3: males

A
  1. spermatic chord
  2. Ilioinguinal and Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
  3. blood and lymphatics
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27
Q

contents of inguinal canal x3: females

A
  1. round ligament
  2. Ilioinguinal and Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
  3. blood and lymphatics
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28
Q

psoas major nerve supply

A

ventral rami of L1-3

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29
Q

3 muscles on post abdo wall

A

psoas major

illiacus

quadratus lumborum

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30
Q

action of psoas major

A

flexes thigh, spine and trunk (with illiacus)

and provides balance to trunk

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31
Q

action of illiacus x3

A

flexes thigh
stabilises hip
acts with psoas to flex trunk

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32
Q

vertebral level of caval opening

A

T8

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33
Q

vertebral level of oesophageal haitus

A

T10

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34
Q

vertebral level of aortic hiatus

A

T12

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35
Q

action of quadratus lumborum

A

extends and laterally flexes spine
and fixes 12 rib during inspiration

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36
Q

mnemonic for diaphragm openings

A

‘I ate 10 Eggs At 12’

I ate(8)- IVC (caval) T8
10 Eggs T10
At 12 - Aorta T12

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37
Q

what sits more ant- IVC or aorta

A

IVC

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38
Q

fore gut, midgut and hindgut lengths

A
  • The foregut runs from the oesophagus to the duodenum (including liver, gall bladder, spleen and pancreas)
  • The midgut runs from the duodenum to the rfirst 2/3rds transverse colon
  • The hindgut runs from the last 1/3 transverse colon to the upper anal canal
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39
Q

3 vessels that come off aorta
what area of gut they supply
and vertebral level

A
  1. Celiac- foregut, T12
  2. Superior mesentary- midgut, L2
  3. Inferior mesentary- hindgut, L3
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40
Q

3 branches of ceoliac trunk

A
  1. splenic
  2. hepatic
  3. Left gastric
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41
Q

At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta divide into 2 common iliac arteries?

A

L4

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42
Q

The portal vein is formed by the union of which 2 major veins of the abdominal cavity?

A
  1. splenic Vein
  2. superior mesenteric Vein
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43
Q

Where does the inferior mesenteric vein drain to?

A

Splenic vein

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44
Q

portal venous system blood journey

A

carries venous blood (rich in nutrients that have
been extracted from food)

to the liver for processing

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45
Q

what parts of trunk drain blood via systemic venous system

A

Blood from the gut tube superior to the diaphragm
and inferior to the pelvic floor

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46
Q

what parts of trunk drain via portal system

A

Blood from the abdominopelvic gastrointestinal tract

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47
Q

4 sites of the portal-systemic anastomoses?

A
  1. Oesophageal
  2. rectal
  3. retroperitoneal
  4. paraumbilical
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48
Q

what does oesophageal anastomose obstruction lead to

A

oesophageal varices

49
Q

what does rectal anastomose obstruction lead to

A

haemorrhoids

50
Q

what does paraumbilical anastomose obstruction lead to

A

caput medusa

51
Q

all lymph for foregut structures will drain to the…. nodes at ….

A

pre-aortic

T12

52
Q

visceral nerve supply: sympathetic x3

A
  • Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser and least)
  • Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia
  • Abdominal aortic plexuses
53
Q

sympathetic visceral abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves more specific

A

greater- celiac ganglion T5-9
lesser-T10-11
least- sup mesenteric ganglion T12

54
Q

sympathetic abdominal aortic plexus more specific x3

A

celiac
sup and inf mesenteric
sup and inf hypoglossal

55
Q

visceral nerve supply x2

A

*vagus
* Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2, S3 and S4)

56
Q

What is the effect of vagotomy on gastric secretion?

A

reduction

57
Q

lumbar plexus origin
muscle association

A

ventral rami of L1-4
psoas major

58
Q

branches of lumbar plexus x6

A

obturator
femoral
iliohypogastric
iliolinguinal
gentofemoral
lateral cutaneous

59
Q

reffered pain regions of abdo

A

Foregut- Epigastric
Midgut- Umbilical
Hindgut- Suprapubic

60
Q

What is the anterior- to- posterior arrangement of the structures entering and leaving the hilum of kidney?

A

vein
artery
pelvis- renal pelvis (top of ureter)

61
Q

How are the kidneys peritonised?

A

retro

62
Q

How are the ureters peritonised?

A

retro

63
Q

What is the term used to describe the expanded upper part of the ureter?

A

renal pelvis

64
Q

3 constriction points of ureter

A
  1. At the junction of the ureters and renal pelvis (pelviureteric junction)
  2. where they cross pelvic inlet

3.during passage through bladder wall

65
Q

Which layer of the peritoneum is more sensitive to pressure, pain, heat & cold?

A

parietal

66
Q

what does the peritoneal cavity contain x2

A

potential space
peritoneal fluid

67
Q

retro peritoneal structures x9

A

SAD PUCKER

  • S: suprarenal (adrenal) gland
  • A: aorta/IVC
  • D: duodenum (second and third part)
  • P: pancreas (except tail)
  • U: ureters
  • C: colon (ascending and descending)
  • K: kidneys
  • E: (o)esophagus
  • R: rectum
68
Q

What are the lesser and greater sacs and where do they lie?

A

part of peritoneal cavity

lesser= behind stomach
greater= rest

69
Q

whats an omentum

A

double layer extension of peritoneam between stomach and duodenum

70
Q

what do the greater and lesser sacs communicate through

A

epiploic foramen

71
Q

The greater omentum attaches from the …. to the …

A

greater curvature of stomach

proximal duodenum

72
Q

The lesser omentum attaches from the …. to the …

A

liver
lesser curvature of stomach

73
Q

What is the difference between the omenta and mesentery attachments?

A

omenta- attach to stomach
mesentery- attach to posterior abdominal wall

74
Q

The hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments are parts of the ….. omentum.

A

lesser

75
Q

what does the falciform ligament do

A

connects liver to ventral wall of abdo

76
Q

What structure in the free edge of the falciform ligament is a remnant of an embryonic blood vessel?

and name for vessel in embryo

A

round ligament

umbilical vein

77
Q

List 3 abdominal viscera which lie in the free edge of a double layer of peritoneum described as the mesentery.

A

appendix
small intestine
transverse mesocolon

78
Q

What is the transpyloric plane?

and how would you locate it

A

imaginary horizontal plane at L1

midway between sternal angle and pubic symphysis

79
Q

5 structures present the transpyloric plane

A

1.pylorus
2.neck of pancreas
3.fundus of gallbladder
4.kidneys
5.superior mesenteric artery

80
Q

Which costal cartilage is the surface marking of the gall bladder?

A

9th

81
Q

how does the liver move with the respiration?

A

inferior

82
Q

what ribs does the spleen lie under

A

9 to 11

83
Q

whats the orange muscle

what does it do

A

transverse abdominus

compress viscera
rotate trunk

84
Q

whats the blue muscle

what does it do

A

rectus abdominis

compress
flex
expiration

85
Q

whats the green thing

A

rectus sheath

86
Q

whats the dark red muscle

A

trasversus abdominis

87
Q

whats the light red muscle

and its actions

A

internal oblique

all:
flex
compress
expiration
rotation

88
Q

whats the purple muscle

and its actions

A

external oblique

all:
flex
compress
expiration
rotation

89
Q

whats the grey thing

A

linea alba

90
Q

whats the light and dark blue things

A

light= superficial ring
dark = deep ring

91
Q

what are the red, dark red and pink things

A

red: quadratus lumborum

dark red: iliacus

pink: psoas major

92
Q

what are the light and dark purple things

A

light = common iliac artery

dark = external iliac artery

93
Q

whats the grey thing

A

inguinal ligament

94
Q

whats the blue thing

A

IVC

95
Q

whats the green thing

A

lumbar sympathetic trunk sitting on top of abdominal aorta

96
Q

what are the blue, brown and red openings

and what vertebral level do they sit at

A

blue = caval T8
brown= oesophageal T10
red = aortic T12

97
Q

whats the red bit

and what level is it at

A

coeliac

T12

98
Q

whats the dark and light blue bits

what level are they at

A

SMA- L 1-2

IMA- L3

99
Q

whats the purple and pink bits

what level are they at

A

renal artery- L2-3 (same as SMA)

common iliac- L5

100
Q

what are the purple and green veins

A

purple = portal
green = splenic

101
Q

what are the dark and light blue veins

A

dark = SMV
light = IMV

102
Q

what is the pink nerve

A

lateral cutaneous

103
Q

what is the purple nerve

A

obturator

104
Q

what is the yellow nerve

A

femoral

105
Q

whats the red, blue and yellow vessels

A

red = renal artery
blue = renal vein
yellow = renal pelvis- dilated ureter

Artery first as first in alphabet
vein next as needs to be next to other blood vessel

106
Q

what renal vessel is furthest forward (most anterior)

A

vein

order from front to back is vein, artery, pelvis VAP

107
Q

what are the dark and light blue things

A

dark = lesser omentum
light = =greater omentum

108
Q

what are the dark and light blue things

A

dark = greater sac
light = lesser sac

109
Q

what are the dark and light purple things

A

dark = greater omentum
light = lesser omentum

110
Q

whats the yellow thing

A

epiploic foramen

111
Q

whats the brown thing

A

mysentery

112
Q

whats the blue and red things

A

blue = IVC

red = aorta

113
Q

whats the green thing

A

spleen

114
Q

whats the orange purple and red thing

A

orange = left kidney

purple = liver

red = transverse colon

115
Q

what are the blue and red things

A

blue = IVC
red = aorta

116
Q

whats the dark red and green thing

A

red- rectus abdominis

green- external oblique

117
Q

whats the light yellow thing

A

lumbar vertebrae

118
Q

what does the greater omentum connect to

A

greater curvature of stomach
to transverse colon

119
Q

what vertebral layer are kidneys at

A

t12

Yr 2 Anatomy (26 decks)

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