Gene Regulation Eukaryotes

Question 1

The site of assembly of the basal transcription apparatus, contains at least one consensus sequence (most common being TATA box at -25 : 5’-TATAAA-3’)

Answer 1

Core Promoter

Question 2

Binding sites for transcriptional activator proteins

Answer 2

Regulatory Promoters

Question 3

The level of transcription caused by transcription controlled by a complex of RNA polymerase and transcription factors, which bind to the core promoter

Answer 3

Basal Level

Question 4

The normal level of transcription when assisted by other transcriptional factors

Answer 4

Normal level

Question 5

Sequences that are a few hundred base pairs long, can be very distant from the promoter, only cis-acting, contains many TF binding sites, can be bound by multiple activators or repressors, sequence orientation can be reversed

Answer 5

Enhancer Elements

Question 6

Two functional domains of activators

Answer 6

Transcription-activator domain (interact with general TFs)
DNA binding domain (binds to enhancer)

Question 7

Proteins that bind DNA at a specific consensus sequence, can be either an activator or repressor

Answer 7

Transcriptional Factor

Question 8

Transcription factors that bind to enhancers and regulatory promoters, increase transcription rates by interacting directly or indirectly with basal factors at the promoter

Answer 8

Activator Proteins

Question 9

When a repressor binds directly to enhancers to block the binding of an activator

Answer 9

Competiton

Question 10

When a repressor binds to the DNA binding region or the activation domain of an activator to block it’s function

Answer 10

Quenching

Question 11

Specific DNA sequences that block the effects on enhancers in a position dependent manner

Answer 11

Insulators (boundary elements)