Edrolo chapter 2

Question 1

Define Fuel

Answer 1

substance that is used, usually combusted, that has energy stored in its bonds

Question 2

Define Fossil Fuel

Answer 2

natural fuel that is formed in the earth from plant or animal remains

Question 3

Define Coal

Answer 3

combustible fossil fuel formed by the partial decay of plant matter

Question 4

Define Petrodiesel

Answer 4

liquid hydrocarbon fossil fuel obtained from crude oil

Question 5

Define Natural Gas

Answer 5

fossil fuel consisting largely of hydrocarbons

Question 6

Define Coal Seam Gas

Answer 6

natural gas sourced from coal deposits

Question 7

Define Greenhouse Effect

Answer 7

process of the warming of the Earth’s lower atmosphere due to the increased quantities of gases, like carbon dioxide, water vapour and methane, in the air

Question 8

Define Non-renewable Resource

Answer 8

resource that cannot be replenished as quickly as it is consumed

Question 9

Define Fracking

Answer 9

process involving injecting liquid at high pressure into coal & shale rocks to force open fissures (cracks) to extract the gas

Question 10

Define Biofuel

Answer 10

fuel sourced from organic matter

Question 11

Define Biogas

Answer 11

gaseous fuel produced by the anaerobic breakdown of organic matter

Question 12

Define Bioethanol

Answer 12

fuel produced by the fermentation of glucose in organic matter

Question 13

Define Biodiesel

Answer 13

fuel produced by the esterification of fats and oils in organic matter

Question 14

Define Carbon Neutral

Answer 14

fuel which does not result in a net production of carbon dioxide from
sourcing or consumption

Question 15

Define Fermentation

Answer 15

breakdown of a substance in the presence of microorganisms such as yeast

Question 16

Define Renewable Resource

Answer 16

resource capable of being replenished by natural processes as quickly or faster than it is being consumed

Question 17

Define Transesterification

Answer 17

reaction that produces biodiesel

Question 18

Define Triglyceride

Answer 18

fat or oil composed of three fatty acid tails and a glycerol backbone

Question 19

Describe Yeast

Answer 19

variety of microorganism which converts glucose into ethanol

Question 20

Define Viscosity

Answer 20

resistance of a substance to flow

Question 21

Define Hygroscopicity

Answer 21

ability to absorb water

Question 22

Chemical energy

Answer 22

energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds

Question 23

Exothermic

Answer 23

chemical reaction accompanied by the release of energy (in the form of heat)

Question 24

Endothermic

Answer 24

chemical reaction which absorbs energy (in the form of heat) from the surrounding environment

Question 25

Enthalpy

Answer 25

measurement of the internal energy of a system

Question 26

Complete combustion

Answer 26

reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water

Question 27

Incomplete combustion

Answer 27

partial burning of a substance to produce carbon monoxide (or solid carbon) and water

Question 28

Energy profile diagram

Answer 28

representation of the energy transformation of a chemical reaction

Question 29

Activation energy

Answer 29

minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to proceed

Question 30

Heat of combustion

Answer 30

amount of heat released by the complete combustion of a substance

Question 31

Specific heat capacity (c)

Answer 31

heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a given substance by 1°C

Question 32

Thermochemical equation

Answer 32

balanced stoichiometric equation that includes the enthalpy change, ΔH, of the reaction

Question 33

Gas

Answer 33

state of matter with no fixed shape or volume and which fills the available space

Question 34

Ideal gas

Answer 34

substance assumed to be composed of molecules of negligible volume with no intermolecular interactions

Question 35

Pressure

Answer 35

force a gas exerts on the walls of its container

Question 36

Standard Laboratory Conditions (SLC)

Answer 36

set of conditions used as a standard for experiments (25°C and 100 kPa)