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health and social care > Unit 25 > Flashcards

Unit 25 Flashcards

1
Q

Weaknesses of quantitative methods

A

Limited results as less elaborate
Artificial environment
Presented answers may not reflect how a person truly feels

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2
Q

Examples of sources that might be used in a literature review

A

Textbook
Journals
Sector magazines
Government organisation websites
Leaflets
Census data
intetnet

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3
Q

Secondary research method examples

A

Journals
Books
Published stats

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4
Q

Examples of quantitative questions

A

true/false
1/2/3/4

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5
Q

Quantitative

A

research that collects and analyses data involving numbers and stats

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6
Q

Qualitative

A

Research that collects written data

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7
Q

Examples of qualitative

A

interviews
Open-ended questions

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8
Q

Primary research

A

Data collected by a researcher- original work

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9
Q

strengths of mixed methodology

A

Increases validity
Increases reliability
In-depth information

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10
Q

Weaknesses of mixed methodology

A

Time-consuming
Difficult to manage
Difficult to analyse

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11
Q

Strengths of primary research

A

Interactive
Researcher is in control
Looks at unanswered question

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12
Q

areas of research

A

healthcare
social care
child care

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13
Q

Examples of primary research

A

survey
observation
case study

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14
Q

areas of research in social care

A

interventions
social care policy
social care practices

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15
Q

areas of research in healthcare

A

treatments
health care policy
health care practices

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16
Q

areas of research in child care

A

child development
child care policy
child care practices

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17
Q

Mixed methodology

A

when qualitative and quantitative methods are used together

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18
Q

Secondary research

A

Research method that collates already published data

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19
Q

Weaknesses of primary data

A

Expensive
Time-consuming
May be a bias

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20
Q

Weaknesses of qualitative research

A

Time-consuming
answers may not be reliable if surveys are long
easy to influence peopl4

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21
Q

Validity

A

Measure of the quality of the data

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22
Q

Reliability

A

Measure of the quality of the method

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23
Q

Observations and types

A

Study of a persons behaviour
covert, overt, participant, non-participant

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24
Q

Weaknesses of secondary data

A

May be outdated
Information may be limited or hard to find
Not always credible
Findings may be biased

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25
Q

Strengths of secondary research

A

Less time-consuming
Inexpensive
Backup data
Can combine evidence

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26
Q

Strengths of quantitative data

A

Can be replicated
Broader study
Less likely to be bias
Greater accuracy and objectivity

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27
Q

Confidentiality

A

To ensure that the personal information of an individual is only shared with those the individual has consented to

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28
Q

Weaknesses of observations

A

Things may be expensive
Can be time-consuming
Covert is seen as deceptive
Overt may cause behaviour change

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29
Q

Focus groups

A

A group interview to gather information

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30
Q

Weaknesses of focus groups

A

Low reliability
Relies on people sharing their thoughts
Expensive
Difficult to gather people

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31
Q

8 purposes of research

A

to improve outcomes
to establish an evidence based for treatments/interventions
to improve practice
to inform policy
to measure impact
to increase knowledge and understanding
to identify the needs of groups or individual
to identify gaps in provision

32
Q

strengths of qualitative methods

A

Data can be analysed
Data is more detailed
Attempts to avoid pre-judgements
Creates openness

33
Q

Strengths of random sampling

A

Free from researcher bias

34
Q

Literature review

A

A systematic process where published materials relating to a single issue is analysed and collated into a single source

35
Q

random sampling

A

When participants are selected by chance

36
Q

Weaknesses of random sampling

A

Time-consuming
Unrepresentative of target population
Participants may refuse to take part`

37
Q

Weaknesses of stratified sampling

A

participants may refuse to take part
time-confusing
complicated

38
Q

Opportunity sampling

A

A selection of people who are willing to participate and readily available

39
Q

Strengths of opportunity sampling

A

Convenient
less time-consuming

40
Q

Weaknesses of opportunity sampling

A

Unrepresentative of population
Cannot be generalised
Researcher bias

41
Q

Stratified sampling

A

a form of sampling in which the composition of the sample reflects the proportion of people in certain sub-groups within the target population

42
Q

Strengths of stratified sampling

A

Free from researcher bias
representative
generalisable

43
Q

Strengths of focus groups

A

quick results
lots of data
high validity
can save time
easy to measure participant reaction

44
Q

Strengths of observations

A

overt- more ethical
natural environment= unbiased
standardised procedure can be replicated
Cheap

45
Q

Ethics

A

Written statements relating to what is acceptable and unacceptable

46
Q

Weaknesses of volunteer sampling

A

unrepresentative
cannot be generalised
researcher bias
volunteer bias

47
Q

Strengths of volunteer sampliing

A

convenient
less time-consuming

48
Q

Volunteer sampling

A

people choose to sign up to take part in research

49
Q

Weaknesses of systematic sampling

A

Some participants may refuse to take part
Requires a list of all participants
May not be representative

50
Q

Strengths of systematic sampling

A

free from researcher bias

51
Q

systematic sampling

A

when researchers select participants based on regular intervals

52
Q

Conflict of interest

A

it is important to know how an organisation was involved to understand if they influenced research

53
Q

elements of Nuremburg code

A

voluntary consent is essential
benefits must outweigh risks
human experiments should be tested on animals
should avoid suffering and injury
shouldn’t be conducted if believed to cause death/disability
should make society better
facilities should be clean and safe
should be conducted by qualified scientists
have the right to withdraw
should stop if harm or death is likely to occur

54
Q

What are questionnaires?

A

A preset series of question where respondents complete the answers

55
Q

What are the strengths of questionnaires?

A

Easy to analyse
Quick to answer
Online questionnaires have a quick response rate

56
Q

What are the weaknesses of questionnaires?

A

Low response can lead to an unfair sample
The researcher only benefits if there is a good response rate
Data may be unreliable in certain health and social care settings- daycare for individuals with dementia, schools with young children

57
Q

What is a structured interview?

A

A questionnaire that the interviewer reads aloud and then records the answers

58
Q

What are the strengths of structured interviews?

A

Specific to the research
Easy to categorise answers

59
Q

What are the weaknesses of structured interviews?

A

Information may not be detailed, especially if the questions are closed questions

60
Q

What are semi-structured interviews?

A

A blend of structured and unstructured interviews. Questions are open-ended, allowing more freedom

61
Q

Strengths of semi-structured interviews

A

Comparable
Has the flexibility to ask follow-up questions

62
Q

Weaknesses of semi-structured interviews

A

Risk of bias as may ask leading questions

63
Q

What are unstructured interviews

A

No set questions, and laid out like a conversation

64
Q

Strengths of unstructured interviews

A

Flexible
Participants are more at ease
Lower risk of bias

65
Q

Weaknesses of unstructured interviews

A

Can be difficult to compare answers
May stray away from the topic
Risk of asking leading questions
Time-consuming

66
Q

What is action research

A

Research that practitioners carry out during their day to day work

67
Q

Strengths of action research

A

Highly relevant to research to improve the HSC sector
Can use mixed methodology
Can gain in-depth knowledge on issues in HSC sector

68
Q

Weaknesses of action research

A

Difficulty distinguishing between research and job
Time-consuming
Bias may be present

69
Q

What is experimental method

A

Used to investigate different observations and hypotheses

70
Q

Strengths of experimental method

A

Usually accurate
Highly reliable

71
Q

Weaknesses of experimental method

A

Expensive
TIme-consuming
Mistakes can be made

72
Q

What are structured observations?

A

Uses a pre-determined checklist of behaviours and involves a coding system to record participants behaviour

73
Q

Strengths of structured observations

A

Reliable-data can be replicated
Comparing and analysing data is easier
Can quantify data

74
Q

Weaknesses of structured observation

A

Lack of validity- no reason for behaviour
Only useful for studying small-scale interaction

75
Q

Strengths of literature review

A

Enables researchers to keep up to date with new developments
Enables researchers to collate into a single source
Provides a range of different sources, increasing validity
References
Credentials
Forms a basis into own research
Ethical issues are issues due to conducting primary research

76
Q

Weaknesses of literature reviews

A

No primary research meaning researcher is unaware if there are any ethical issues
May be bias
Time-consuming
Complex terminology
May be costly or outdated

health and social care (2 decks)

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