BONE MIDTERM

Question 1

maintains bone tissue

Answer 1

Osteocyte

Question 2

forms bone matrix

Answer 2

Osteoblast

Question 3

resorbs bone

Answer 3

Osteoclast

Question 4

termed as fibrous because it is
composed of type I collagen fibers, fibroblasts, and also
there are blood vessels in this layer

Answer 4

outer fibrous layer

Question 5

contains the
osteoblast, as well as the osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 5

inner/cellular/osteogenic layer

Question 6

are located between the internal circumferential lamellae
and the external circumferential lamellae.

Answer 6

Osteons

Question 7

The boundary between
each osteon is the

Answer 7

cement line.

Question 8

_______ is a refractile line of
modified bone matrix. Anastomosis between central canals is called
______

Answer 8

cement line and the perforating or Volkmann canal.

Question 9

central canal of an osteon that allows blood vessels,
lymphatic vessel nerves to travel along the osteon.

Answer 9

Haversian canal

Question 10

transverse branch of a haversian canal that interconnects
haversian canals with each other.

Answer 10

Volkmann’s canal

Question 11

cancellous or
trabecular bone

Answer 11

SPONGY BONE

Question 12

made up of osteons

Answer 12

COMPACT BONE

Question 13

made up of trabeculae

Answer 13

SPONGY BONE

Question 14

contains yellow bone

marrow

Answer 14

COMPACT BONE

Question 15

contains red bone
marrow

Answer 15

SPONGY BONE

Question 16

forms major parts of the
long bones such as
arms and legs

Answer 16

COMPACT BONE

Question 17

forms major parts of the
short bones such as
wrists and ankles

Answer 17

SPONGY BONE

Question 18

acts as a buffer for
compact bones

Answer 18

SPONGY BONE

Question 19

provides structural
support to the body

Answer 19

COMPACT BONE

Question 20

cuboidal inner porous,
less dense, osseous
tissue

Answer 20

SPONGY BONE

Question 21

cylindrical harder outer
layer of the bone

Answer 21

COMPACT BONE

Question 22

cortical bone

Answer 22

COMPACT BONE

Question 23

osteoblasts differentiate directly from mesenchyme and
begin secreting osteoid
* mandible, maxilla, clavicle, and flat skull bones are
formed by this process
* fontanelles in newborn skulls represent
intramembranous ossification in progress

Answer 23

INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION

Question 24

from the Greek word ‘endon’ meaning ____, plus
‘condros’ meaning ______

Answer 24

within and cartilage

Question 25

typical histology of resting
hyaline cartilage

Answer 25

Zone of reserve cartilage

Question 26

chondrocytes multiplying and
lining up in rows of small flattened lacunae

Answer 26

Zone of cell proliferation

Question 27

cessation of mitosis;
enlargement of chondrocytes and thinning of lacuna walls

Answer 27

Zone of cell hypertrophy

Question 28

temporary calcification of cartilage
matrix between columns or lacunae

Answer 28

Zone of calcification

Question 29

breakdown of lacuna walls,
leaving open channels; death of chondrocytes; bone
deposition by osteoblasts, forming trabeculae of spongy
bone

Answer 29

Zone of bone deposition

Question 30

woven bone is then remodeled as ______

Answer 30

lamellar bone

Question 31

bone tissue first appears
* osteoblasts settle in a layer over the spicules of calcified
cartilage matrix and secrete osteoid which becomes
woven bone
* woven bone is then remodeled as lamellar bone
* bony material is deposited on the plates of calcified
cartilage matrix

Answer 31

ZONE OF OSSIFICATION

Question 32

chondrocytes about to undergo apoptosis release matrix
vesicles and osteocalcin to begin matrix calcification by
the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals

Answer 32

ZONE OF CALCIFIED CARTILAGE

Question 33

chondrocytes in lacunae increase in size as a result of
swelling of the nucleus and cytoplasm
* hypertrophy – increase in size of the cells

Answer 33

ZONE OF HYPERTROPHY

Question 34

cartilage cells divide repeatedly, enlarge and secrete
more type II collagen and proteoglycans
* chondrocytes are organized into columns parallel to the
long axis of the bone

Answer 34

PROLIFERATIVE ZONE

Question 35

composed of typical hyaline cartilage
* shows chondrocytes in their lacunae distributed
singly or in small groups (isogenous groups)

Answer 35

ZONE OF RESERVE (OR RESTING) CARTILAGE