Carboxylic Acids And Derivatives

Question 1

What is a carboxylic acid and state it’s functional group?

Answer 1

A group with C=O and -OH

Question 2

How do you name carboxylic acids?

Answer 2

Find the longest carbon chain
Name ends in -oic acid

Question 3

Are carboxylic acids soluble in water, If so why?

Answer 3

Yes, because there is a large difference in electronegativity between C and O in the C=O which then forms a hydrogen bind with the water molecules.
They are only soluble in small chains because as you increase the chain length there’s an increase in van der waals

Question 4

What IMF’s are in carboxylic acids?

Answer 4

Van der waals (throughout the whole molecule)
Permenant dipole dipoles ( the C=O)
Hydrogen bonding (-OH bond)

Question 5

What are esters?
State their functional group and general formula

Answer 5

Esters are sweet smelling can be used in perfumes.
-COO
RCOOR

Question 6

How do you name esters?

Question 7

List some uses of esters

Question 8

What is the equation for the reaction of Ethan oil acid and propanol?

Question 9

Name common natural esters

Question 10

What are the two ways to hydrolyse esters?

Question 11

What is the equation for the acid hydrolysis of esters?
(State the conditions and reagents needed for this reaction)

Question 12

What is the equation for the alkali hydrolysis of esters?
(State the conditions and reagents for this reaction)

Question 13

What alcohol is formed from the ester that make up animal and vegetable fat?

Question 14

What is the difference between fats and oils?

Question 15

What are the products of hydrolysing fats and oils?

Question 16

What are the uses of propane-1,2,3-triol?

Question 17

How is grease removed from your clothes/ how does soap work?

Question 18

Why are carboxylic acids weak acids?

Question 19

What are some common uses of glycerol?

Question 20

What is biodiesel?

Question 21

How do you make biodiesel?
(Include the general equation and conditions)

Question 22

Define transesterification

Question 23

What are carboxylic acids derivatives?

Question 24

Name two acid derivatives of carboxylic acids and state their functional groups

Question 25

Name and describe the mechanism for the acylation of a nucleophile by an acid derivative

Question 26

What factors determine how readily the acylation of a nucleophile by acid derivative occurs?

Question 27

Which is more reactive- acyl chlorides or acid anhydrides?

Question 28

What is the equation for the reaction between ethanoyl chloride and ammonia?

Question 29

Describe the mechanism for the reaction of ethanoyl chloride with ammonia

Question 30

What is the product of the acylation of an acid anhydride or acyl chloride if ammonia is the nucleophile?

Question 31

What is the product of the acylation of an acid anhydrides or acyl chlorides if a primary amine was the nucleophile?

Question 32

What is the equation for the reaction between ethanoyl chloride with methylamine?

Question 33

Describe the mechanism for the reaction between ethanoyl chloride with methylamine

Question 34

What is the product of the acylation of acid anhydrides or acyl chlorides if the nucleophile is an alcohol?

Question 35

What is the equation for the reaction between ethanoyl chloride and ethanol?

Question 36

Describe the mechanism for the reaction between ethanoyl chloride and ethanol

Question 37

What is an important acylation reaction?

Question 38

List the advantages of using ethanoic anhydride over ethanoyl chloride as an acylation agent

Question 39

What conditions are needed to form methyl esters from acid anhydrides or acyl chlorides?