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Physiology > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the sympathetic nerve fibers originate from in the spinal cord?

A

T1-L2, then they go into the chain before they reach the tissues

For the gut: t5-l2

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2
Q

Where in location is the ganglion for sympathic nervous system?

A

Close to the CNS

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3
Q

How do parasympathic messages leave the CNS?

A

CN III,VII,XI,X + Sacral Portion

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4
Q

Where is the ganglion located for parasympathics?

A

Close to the organ it effects

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5
Q

Is Acetylcholine parasymp or symp?

A

Parasympathic

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6
Q

Is Norepinephrine para or symp?

A

Sympathetic

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7
Q

Are preganglionic neurons for para/symp cholinergic or adrenergic?

A

cholinergic

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8
Q

Are postganglionic neurons for para/symp cholinergic or adrenergic?

A

Para Post: cholinergic (ach)
Symp post: adrenergic (secrete norepinephrine)

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9
Q

What is the major exception for postganglionic neurons?

A

Postganglionic neurons to SWEAT GLANDS and BLOOD VESSELS are cholinergic, even if its a sympathetic message.

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10
Q

What are varicosisties and what do they usually store?

A

Various swellings in the axons of postganglionic neurons that release neurots (ACH) along length of axon. Ach can also be synthesized in terminal endings of CHOLINERGIC nerve fibers.

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11
Q

Where is norepinephrine made?

A

Begins in axoplasm of **adrenergic **nerve terminal and completed inside secretory vesicles. Comes from Tyr–>DOPA–>Dopamine–>NE.

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12
Q

What ion influx causes the terminals to empty their neurotransmitter contents into the exterior/synaptic cleft?

A

Ca2+

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13
Q

How is Achcholine removed after release?

A

Acetylcholinesterase (enzyme) cleaves into acetate and choline. Choline is transported back into the terminal and recycled.

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14
Q

How is NE removed? What enzymes destroy it?

A

Either reuptake into nerve endings (via negative feedback),** diffusion** away from nerve endings, or destruction by enzymes (monoamine oxidase (MAO) or catechol-O-methyl transferase)

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15
Q

What are the two types of cholinergic receptors?

A

Muscarinic and Nicotinic

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16
Q

What are the two types of adrenergic receptors?

A

alpha and beta!

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17
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors found?

A

On effector cells, upon which postganglionic neurons effect (end with)

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18
Q

What type of signaling do muscarinic receptors use?

A

G-protein signaling

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19
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors found?

A

between pre and post autonomic ganglion

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20
Q

What type of receptors are nicotinic?

A

ligand-gated ION channels, “ionotropic”

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21
Q

What type of signaling pathway do the adrenergic receptors/ alpha-beta use?

A

G-protein, same as muscarinic receptors!

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22
Q

What g-protein is associated with alpha-1?

A

Gq

23
Q

What g-protein is associated with alpha-2

A

Gi- inhibitory, inactivation of adenylyl cyclase–> (dec in cAMP)–>cell motility but no growth

24
Q

What g-protein is associated with beta receptors?

A

Gs (activation/”stimulation” of adenylyl cyclase, inc in cAMP, activation of PKA, and cell growth/motility

25
Q

What type of nt + tissue is alpha 1 associated with?

A

Mainly norepinephrine stimulated sympathic response; mainly smooth muscle.

26
Q

What type of symptoms are created from an alpha-1 receptor?

Effects on Blood vessels, eyes, GI tract, energy?

A

Vasocontriction (increases blood flow in fight/flight), Iris dilation or mydriasis (see better in fight/flight), intestinal relaxation (no digesting in that moment), smooth muscle contraction: intestinal sphincter and bladder sphincter contraction (no pooping/peeing), glycogenolysis/ gluconeogenesis (to produce energy)

27
Q

What type of effects come from an alpha-2 receptor?

A

It inhibits NE release at the** pre-synpatic membranes.** (the rest of the receptors are post-synpatic in location). Inhibits insulin secretion.

28
Q

What type of nt + tissue is beta 1 associated with?

A

Mainly epinephrine (although epinephrine can also excite alpha); for a “betta” heart, think **cardiac ** tissue and justaglomeralus cells of kidneys.

29
Q

What type of effects come from an beta-1 receptor?

A

It’s stimulated by epinephrine, so you get increase in heart rate, myocardial strength pumping/contractibility, increase AV conduction, and increase in **RENIN **from juxtaglom kidneys to boost blood pressure. Also lipolysis to produce energy from burning fat.

30
Q

What type of effects come from an beta-2 receptor?

A

nore/epinephrine binding to b2 causes the effector tissue to like “stop” in order for a sympathetic response to occur/ relaxes/ its inhibitory in fashion within the symp world.
The effector tissues are the same as alpha-1, smooth muscle, organs, and glands.
Main things:** vasodilation,bronchodilation**, inhibits insulin secretion, intestinal relaxation like alpha1, uterus relaxation, calorigenesis, bladder wall relaxation (no peeing), glycogenlysis (energy).

31
Q

What effects do beta 3 have?

A

Thermogenesis, adipose tissue,lipolysis
Isopotenal= ne> epi.

32
Q

Good video breakdown of adrengenic receptors?

A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIjPl1jhQLI

33
Q

Ciliary muscle in symp vs parasym?

A

Ciliary muscle is relaxed in symp (bigger pupils), and constrcited in parasym (smaller pupil, no need to see much when resting).

34
Q

Do glands secrete in symp or parasymp? The exception?

A

Parasymp, there’s an exception.
Exception is Sweating when **sympathic signals cause HIGH sweating **and parasymp only contribute to a little sweating on palms/hands.

35
Q

What are apocrine glands?

A

Glands in skin in armpits, groin, area around nipples. “Scent” glands w/oder.

36
Q

Apocrine glands symp vs parasym

A

Apocrine glands secrete via a sympathic signaling (thick,odoriferous secretion.

37
Q

Coronary blood vessels symp vs parasym and recepor associated? *Unique!

A

Symp on beta 2= vasodilation to get more blood there and symp on alpha1=vasoconstriction… Parasymp= dilation.

Usually, in peripheral blood vessels, symp mean vasoconstriction alone

38
Q

Coronary vessels are what type of receptor?

A

Beta-2. Because beta-1 deal with heart cells themselves.

39
Q

Symps on gut lumen? Symps on sphincters?

A

Decreased peristalsis and tone; and increased tone.

40
Q

Liver symp vs parasymp?

A

Symp: glucose is RELEASED (body needs energy), Parasym: glycogen synthesis (rest/digest/absorb/store)

41
Q

Gallbladder and bile ducts on parasymps?

A

When you need to digest something, GB is contracted to contribute to bile enzymes to help digest food

42
Q

Kidney on symp?

A

Increase in RENIN (inc’s bp) production and decreased urine

43
Q

Bladder detrusor vs trigone (anatomy)

A

The detrusor is the body wall muscule, the trigone is near the end.

44
Q

Bladder detrusor symp vs parasymp?
Bladder trigone symp vs parasymp?

A

Detrusor contracts in parasymp to pee.
Trigone relaxes in parasym to pee.
(opposite for symp)

45
Q

Penile erection symp vs parasym?

A

Erection is caused by the parasympathetic nervous system, and ejaculation is caused by the sympathetic nervous system.

46
Q

Abdominal viscera symp vs parasym

A

Symp: constricted
Parasym:higher motility

47
Q

Muscle piloerector (causes goosebumps) symp vs parasym

A

Symp: contracted, parasym:non

48
Q

Skeletal muscle symp

A

increased glycogenolysis/strength, to provide immediate energy and to maintain blood glucose levels

49
Q

Coagulation symp vs para

A

symp: increased (1. The body’s blood clotting ability also increases to prevent excess blood loss in the event of injury.)

50
Q

Blood glucose symp vs parasym

A

symp:increased, more energy

51
Q

Blood lipids/cholesterol

A

Symp: increased

52
Q

Basal metabolism symp vs parasym

A

Symp: increased

53
Q

Fat cells symp vs parasym

A

symp: lyoplysis/fat burning/increased

54
Q

Adrenal medullary secretion symp vs parasymp

A

Symp: increased, released hormones that initiate fight/flight.

Epinephrine (aka adrenaline), and norepinephrine( noradrenaline)

Physiology (10 decks)

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