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rad 350 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is matter

A
  • anything that has mass and occupies space
  • makes up all physical objects
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2
Q

how is matter commonly found

A

mix of substances –> elements and compounds

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3
Q

what is mass

A

quantity of matter in an object

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4
Q

what has magnitude but no direction

A

mass

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5
Q

can mass change?

A

no regardless of state

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6
Q

mass vs gravity

A

weight needs gravity

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7
Q

what is weight

A

force that an object exerts under influence of gravity

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8
Q

purest form of matter is ____

A

atom

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9
Q

what is an atom

A

smallest particle of an element with chemical properties of that element

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10
Q

what is energy

A

ability to do work

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11
Q

types of energy (7)

A

potential
kinetic
chemical
electrical
thermal
nuclear
electromagnetic

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12
Q

what is the unit of energy

A

joule

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13
Q

what is the theory of relativity

A

matter and energy cannot be created or destroyed it can only be converted

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14
Q

what is potential energy

A

ability to do work based by position

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15
Q

type of energy with mass and position

A

potential energy

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16
Q

what is kinetic energy

A

energy of motion

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17
Q

type of energy with mass and speed

A

kinetic energy

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18
Q

what is chemical energy

A

energy released by chemical reactions

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19
Q

what is electrical energy?

A

work done when electron moves through an electric potential difference

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20
Q

what occurs to produced an electrical energy

A

electrons collision

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21
Q

electrical potential known as?

A

voltage

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22
Q

what is thermal energy

A

energy of motion at molecular level

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23
Q

how to increase thermal energy?

A

increase kinetic energy (movement) = more heat

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24
Q

what is nuclear energy

A

energy contained within nucleus of an atom

25
Q

how is nuclear energy created

A

by altering nucleus of atom

26
Q

what is electromagnetic energy

A

energy output of electric and magnetic disturbances in space

27
Q

how is electromagnetic energy created

A

acceleration of a charge
magnetic field = electromagnetic energy

28
Q

difference between xray and yray

A

xray: man made
yray: nucleus of atom

29
Q

list the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum from low to high frequency (8)

A

radio waves
microwaves
infrared
visible light
ultraviolet
xrays
gamma rays
cosmic rays

30
Q

what is a photon

A

smallest quantity of any type of EM energy

31
Q

_____ wavelength + ______ frequency = _____ dosage

A

short
high
less

32
Q

properties of EM energy

A

frequency
wavelength
velocity

33
Q

what is frequency

A

rate of rise and fall of sine wave = number of crest that passes the point per unit of time

34
Q

what is frequency measured in

A

hertz –> cycles/sec

35
Q

property of ionizing radiation

A

high frequency
short wavelength

36
Q

what is wavelength

A

distance between any 2 points on a wave (crest to crest)

37
Q

what is wavelength measured in

A

meters or Angstroms

38
Q

what defines velocity

A

speed and direction

39
Q

relationship between frequency and wavelength
what proves this?

A

inversely proportional
EM wave equation

40
Q

what is the velocity of EM radiation

A

ALL constant at 3x10^8 m/s

41
Q

low energy has ____ wavelength and ______ frequency

A

long
low

42
Q

high energy has ____ wavelength and ______ frequency

A

short
high

43
Q

what is directly proportional to frequency?
what proves this?

A

energy of photon
Plank’s quantum equation

44
Q

what is particle theory

A

high frequency energies behaves more like a particle (electron) than a wave (emitting particles) and vice versa

45
Q

characteristic of visible light

A

behaves like a wave
more white = more xray absorption

46
Q

what affects visible light

A

interacting material changes how material transmits/absorbs light

47
Q

types of interactions between light and absorbing material

A

transparency - all light in
translucency - some light in
opacity - no light in

48
Q

radiopaque and example

A

absorb xrays
ex. bone

49
Q

radiolucent and example

A

transmits xray
ex. lung tissue and some soft tissue

50
Q

list materials from radiopaque –> radiolucent (5)

A

metal
bone
water/soft tissue
fat
gas

51
Q

what are the primary fundamental units of measurement

A

mass
length
time

52
Q

what are the secondary fundamental units of measurement

A

area
volume
density
temperature

53
Q

every unit has _____

A

magnitude and unit

54
Q

what does absorbed dose measure?

A

Quantifies the biological effects of radiation on humans and animals

55
Q

what is absorbed dose measured in?

A

RAD or Gray (Gy) –> radiation energy absorbed per unit mass

56
Q

what quantity is used for any material or to describe patient dose

A

absorbed dose

57
Q

what does effective dose measure? aka?

A

quantity of radiation received by radiation workers
AKA: dose equivalent

58
Q

what is effective dose measured in?

A

REM or Sievert (Sv)

59
Q

what does exposure measure?

A

radiation intensity

rad 350 (5 decks)

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