test nov 18th

Question 1

what is a subroutine

Answer 1

breaking up a large complicated problem into smaller sub programs (self contained)
(functions or procedures)

Question 2

what is the difference between a function and a procedure

Answer 2

function - returns a value
procedure - just performs a task/ executes code

Question 3

what is a parameter

Answer 3

variables in a function - assign a value to it when you call it
data passed into a subroutine when it’s called

Question 4

what is an argument

Answer 4

values passed into a subroutine

Question 5

+ of subroutines?

Answer 5

• each subroutine tested separate to make sure it works - easy to debug
• split a program between many programmers - cut down development time
• subroutines can be reused - cut down development time
• code that’s broken down into meaningful subroutines is easier to maintain

Question 6

local variable

Answer 6

only exists whilst the subroutine is executing - can only be used and modified in a subroutine

Question 7

global variable

Answer 7

accessible anywhere in the program

Question 8

presence check validation

Answer 8

value <- USERINPUT
WHILE LEN(value) == 0
OUTPUT “nothing entered enter again”
value <- USERINPUT
ENDWHILE

Question 9

range check - using while loop

Answer 9

postcode <- USERINPUT
WHILE LEN(postcode) <6 OR LEN (postcode) > 8
OUTPUT ‘Invalid enter again’
postcode <- USERINPUT
END WHILE

Question 10

define cyber secutity

Answer 10

the processes / practices and technologies that protect from attack damage or unauthorised access
(protects networks, comps and digital data)

Question 11

how does anti virus software protect a device

Answer 11

• detects malware - sees if it had a match to the signature on its database - then informs the user not to open the file
• can quarantine or delete malware if it’s on the device - to prevent causing damage

Question 12

what anti virus software does if it finds a virus?

Answer 12

• a new virus is detected - and sent to the anti virus software
• verify it’s malware and creates a signature of the virus
• add it to their database and tell computers to run an update

Question 13

why keep anti virus software up to date?

Answer 13

new threats are detected daily
- if not updated it won’t have the signature in the database so won’t be able to detect any new malware

Question 14

social engineering definition

Answer 14

the ability to obtain confidential info by manipulating people for it

Question 15

phishing

Answer 15

using email / sms pretending to be from a trusted source - to obtain personal/ sensitive info
- tend to involve links/ not personalised/ poor spelling

Question 16

blagging

Answer 16

using an invented scenario to target someone - usually an urgent personal scenario

Question 17

shouldering

Answer 17

observe information as it’s entered - in person / camera / reflection

Question 18

penetration testing

Answer 18

deliberately trying to find security holes in your system to identify targets - possible entry holes + report these back

Question 19

white box

Answer 19

simulates a malicious insider with knowledge of the system - have basic credentials to target a system

Question 20

black box

Answer 20

simulates an external hacker with no knowledge of the system

Question 21

why use a function over a procedure?

Answer 21

• returns one value which you can use multiple times everywhere in the code