quiz 9

Question 1

the science of studying the cellular anatomy of tissues using a microscope

Answer 1

Histology

Question 2

examine sections of biopsies from human tissues to evaluate disease progression, diagnose and classify cancers, and identify infectious diseases

Answer 2

pathologists

Question 3

tissues are prepared by trained professionals called

Answer 3

histotechnologists or histotechnicians

Question 4

When tissue is removed from an organism, it begins a process of ________. Cells undergo __________(self-lysis and destruction by the cells’ own enzymes,) proteins aggregate, and muscle cells become rigid.

Answer 4

decay, autolysis

Question 5

To prevent decay, tissue is immediately placed in a ________ to preserve it.

Answer 5

fixative

Question 6

Alcohols (including ethanol, methanol, and isopropanol,) acetic acid, and acetone may be included in fixatives because they _______________ the tissue.

Answer 6

rapidly penetrate

Question 7

fixatives act by ___________ proteins and nucleic acids in cells, causing them to come out of solution and clump together

Answer 7

precipitating

Question 8

come out of solution and clump together

Answer 8

precipitating

Question 9

The precipitation process can damage the tissue and
create ____________, however. Artifacts are structures appearing in fixed tissue that are not present in the original living tissue.

Answer 9

artifacts

Question 10

The precipitation process can damage the tissue and
create ____________, however. Artifacts are structures appearing in fixed tissue that are not present in the original living tissue.

Answer 10

artifacts

Question 11

structures appearing in fixed tissue that are not present in the original living tissue.

Answer 11

Artifacts

Question 12

other major class of fixatives consists of ___________ agents

Answer 12

crosslinking

Question 13

crosslinking agent example

Answer 13

formaldehyde

Question 14

work by creating covalent chemical bridges within and between protein and nucleic acid molecules

Answer 14

formaldehyde

Question 15

Human and animal tissues are usually fixed in ________________, which is a pH-balanced sodium phosphate solution containing 4% formaldehyde.

Answer 15

10% neutral buffered formalin

Question 16

Crosslinking retains more of the natural tissue structure and produces fewer artifacts than precipitation
T/F

Answer 16

T

Question 17

After tissues are fixed, they must be prepared for _________________

Answer 17

sectioning

Question 18

thin slices of the tissue are cut using a microtome, and the sections are adhered to a glass microscope slide

Answer 18

sectioning

Question 19

To get very thin slices, the tissue must be embedded in a _____________after fixation to support it and prevent distortion from occurring

Answer 19

solid matrix

Question 20

two major types of sections used in histology:

Answer 20

paraffin-embedded and frozen

Question 21

embedded in paraffin by sequential immersion in alcohol solutions, xylene, and melted paraffin wax. This dehydrates the tissue and allows molten paraffin to infiltrate it. When the wax cools, a sturdy paraffin block with the tissue embedded inside is produced. The paraffin block is then
sliced into thin sections with the microtome

Answer 21

paraffin-embedded

Question 22

To prepare frozen sections, tissue is placed in
cryoembedding medium and then rapidly frozen. Sections are prepared using a cryostat, which is a microtome mounted inside a refrigerated chamber that keeps the tissue at around -20°C.

Answer 22

frozen

Question 23

Most tissues are transparent when viewed under the microscope
T/F

Answer 23

T

Question 24

most common differential stain for animal tissues is

Answer 24

hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)

Question 25

_____________ a basic (positively-charged) dye that binds to negatively charged molecules like DNA.

Answer 25

Hematoxylin is,

Question 26

will stain nuclei a blue/purple color

Answer 26

Hematoxylin

Question 27

___________ is an acidic (negatively-charged) dye that binds to
positively-charged molecules, including many proteins.

Answer 27

Eosin

Question 28

_________ will stain the cytoplasm of cells pink.

Answer 28

Eosin