chapter 7

Question 1

Antonine Constitution

Answer 1

212 AD (under Caracalla)
-roman citizenship for all free people in the empire

Question 2

Slaves

Answer 2

-completely owned by someone else
-“talking tools”
-no property or family

Question 3

libertus(male), liberta(female)

Answer 3

freed slaves

Question 4

patronus

Answer 4

master becomes patron

Question 5

obsequium

Answer 5

deference, allegiance, compliance

Question 6

operae

Answer 6

work

Question 7

imperial freedman

Answer 7

slaves freed by the emperor

Question 8

freedmen names

Answer 8

-praenomen and nomen from master
-salve name at the end

Question 9

how to gain citizenship or raise status

Answer 9

-manumission
-grants of citizenship to groups (ex. take nomen of general or emperor who granted freedom)
-hold elected office in your own city(provinces)
-army service(auxiliaries)
-wealth

Question 10

class and status made visible

Answer 10

-toga (citizenship)
-stripes on toga (senator, equestrian)
-gold rings (equestrian)
-seating at theatre or colosseum

Question 11

chattel slavery

Answer 11

• People as property
• No rights
•Law doesn’t recognize any family relations
•Can’t own property
• Not even your own body
•”Socially dead”

Question 12

slave holding society

Answer 12

• Slaves are 20% or more of population
•Their presence strongly impacts economy and family life.

Question 13

difficulty of studying roman slavery

Answer 13

-slave accounts are few
-not many sources
-few statistics

-little to go off of, often just have the slave owner’s perspectives and freed slave tombstones

Question 14

sources of slaves

Answer 14

• Warfare
• Piracy
• Children of slaves
• Exposed children
• Legal punishment

Question 15

deracination

Answer 15

removed from your roots

•Law does not recognize family ties of a slave
• Owner gives a new name
• Multiple sales

Question 16

vernae

Answer 16

home born slaves, been a slave from birth
-prized by roman’s
-assumed someone born a slave will be accustomed to it

Question 17

peculium

Answer 17

allowance for slaves

Question 18

contubernium

Answer 18

slave marriage
-marriage like union with another slave
-not recognized by law

Question 19

slaves and the law

Answer 19

Slaves are property
• More harsh punishments such as flogging and crucifixion
• Slaves must be tortured to give evidence in a law court
• All slaves in a household executed if master is murdered

Question 20

Gradual change in laws: Claudius (mid 1st c CE)

Answer 20

•Claudius: Cannot abandon old or sick slaves on Tiber island to die
•Slaves abandoned like this will be freed

Question 21

Hadrian (early 2nd c. CE)

Answer 21

•Can’t kill slaves without trial
• Restricts sales for prostitution or gladiatorial school
• Limitations on punishment for murdered master

Question 22

Late 4th c. CE (Theodosius)

Answer 22

• Slave families must remain together
• Note that Christian writers don’t take a stand against slavery
• Though slaves can become Christian

Question 23

manumission

Answer 23

freeing a slave

Question 24

Why free slaves?

Answer 24

• Improve your reputation
• Reward for service and obedience
• Inspire other slaves to work hard
•To marry or adopt the slave

Question 25

Augustan laws on manumission
• Lex Fufia Caninia (2 BCE)

Answer 25

Restrictions on freeing slaves in will

Question 26

Augustan laws on manumission
• Lex Aelia Sentia (AD 4)

Answer 26

• Min. age 30 for freed slave
• Master must be 20

Question 27

Augustan laws on manumission
• Lex Junia (early 1st c CE)

Answer 27

Penalties for slaves not freed properly

Question 28

nutrix

Answer 28

wet nurse, cared for children and infants

Question 29

paedagogus

Answer 29

slave teacher for children
-teach reading and writing to wealthy children

Question 30

magister

Answer 30

teacher