UNIT 3: Chapter Seven - 3.7 & 3.8, Pages 171-184 Flashcards
Linguists
Scientists who study languages.
Language Tree
The relationship among the language families is shown in these.
Indo-European Language Family
A large group of languages that might have descended from a language spoken around 6,000 years ago.
Romance Languages
The unifying language of Latin diverged into dozens of distinct regional languages.
Isoglosses
Boundaries between variations in pronunciations or word usage.
Dialects
Variations in accent, grammar, usage, and spelling create these.
Adages
Sayings that attempt to express a truth about life.
Toponyms
The names of places.
Official Language
One designated by the law to be the language of government.
Homogenous
Made up largely of ethnically similar people.
Adherents
Believers in their faith.
Ethnic Religions
Belief traditions that emphasize strong cultural characteristics among their followers.
Universal Religions
A region that actively seeks converts to its faith regardless of their ethnic backgrounds.
Hinduism
Includes the worship of many deities, polytheistic.
Polytheistic
Having many gods.
Monotheistic
Having one god.
Karma
The idea that behaviors have consequences in the present life or future life– and in dharma –which means the righteous path.
Caste System
A rigid class structure (shaped Indian society).
Buddhism
Grew out of the teachings of a prince named Siddhartha who lived around 600 B.C.E. Accepting many beliefs of Hinduism but rejecting the caste system, Siddhartha became known as the Buddha, or “enlightened one.”
Four Noble Truths
Where Buddhist doctrines became summarized.
Eightfold Path
If followed, believed to eliminate desire and suffering.
Sikhism
Relatively new. Founded by Guru Nanak in the Punjab region that crosses the border of India and Pakistan during the 16th century.
Gurdwara
A Sikh’s place of worship.
Judaism
Among the first monotheistic faiths. Believe that the writing known as the Torah express divine will.
