UNIT 4: Chapter Nine - 4.4 & 4.5, Pages 218-230

Question 1

Physical Geographic Boundaries

Answer 1

Natural barriers between areas such as oceans, deserts, and mountains.

Question 2

Cultural Boundaries

Answer 2

Divide people according to some cultural division, such as language, religion, or ethnicity.

Question 3

Antecedent Boundary

Answer 3

This type of boundary preceded the development of the cultural landscape. Before the present settlement.

Question 4

Subsequent Boundary

Answer 4

This boundary is typically created while the cultural landscape is evolving and is subject to change over time.

Question 5

Ethnographic

Answer 5

Related to cultural phenomena. (Subsequent boundaries are this)

Question 6

Superimposed Boundary

Answer 6

This type of boundary is drawn by outside powers and may have ignored existing cultural patterns.

Question 7

Landlocked States

Answer 7

Without territory connected to an ocean.

Question 8

Relic Boundary

Answer 8

This is a boundary that has been abandoned for political purposes, but evidence of ti still exists on the landscape.

Question 9

Geometric Boundary

Answer 9

A straight line or arc drawn by people that does not closely follow any physical feature.

Question 10

Cultural Consequent Boundary

Answer 10

A border that is drawn taking into account language, ethnicity, religion, or other cultural traits.

Question 11

Physical Consequent Boundary

Answer 11

A division that uses already-existing natural features that divide a territory such as rivers, deserts, or mountains.

Question 12

Open Boundary

Answer 12

A boundary that is unguarded and people can cross it easily, with little or no political intervention.

Question 13

Militarized Boundary

Answer 13

A boundary that is heavily guarded and discourages crossing.

Question 14

Defined Boundary

Answer 14

Is established by a legal document, such as a treaty, that divides one entity from another (invisible line).

Question 15

Delimited Boundary

Answer 15

Drawn on a map by a cartographer to show the limits of a space.

Question 16

Demarcated Boundary

Answer 16

One identified by physical objects placed on the landscape.

Question 17

Definitional Boundary Dispute

Answer 17

Occurs when two or more parties disagree over how to interpret the legal documents or maps that identify the boundary.

Question 18

Irredentism

Answer 18

A type of expansionism when one country seeks to annex territory where it has cultural ties to part of the population or historical claims to the land.

Question 19

Operational Boundary Dispute

Answer 19

Centers not on where a boundary is but how it functions. Disagreements can arise related to trade, transportation, or migration.

Question 20

Allocational Boundary Dispute

Answer 20

When a boundary separates natural resources that may be used by both countries.

Question 21

Administered Boundary

Answer 21

Important aspects of this are- How a boundary will be maintained, how it will function, and what goods and people will be allowed to cross.

Question 22

Controlled Borders

Answer 22

Boundaries that have checkpoints where a passport or visa are required to enter the country.

Question 23

Exclaves

Answer 23

Territories that are part of a state, yet geographically separated from the main state by one or more countries.

Question 24

Political Enclaves

Answer 24

States, territories or parts of a state or territory that are completely surrounded by the territory of another state.

Question 25

Shatterbelt

Answer 25

A place located between two very different and contentious regions.

Question 26

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Answer 26

Between 1973 and 1982 it was signed by more than 150 countries, and it defined four zones: Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive economic zone (EEZ), and High Seas.

Question 27

Territorial Sea

Answer 27

This area extends up to 12 nautical miles of sovereignty where commercial vessels may pass, but noncommercial vessels may be challenged. A nautical mile is equal to 1.15 land-measured miles.

Question 28

Contiguous Zone

Answer 28

Coastal states have limited sovereignty for up to 24 nautical miles where they can enforce laws on customs, immigration, and sanitation.

Question 29

Exclusive Economic Zone

Answer 29

Coastal states can explore, extract minerals, and manage natural resources up to 200 nautical miles.

Question 30

High Seas

Answer 30

Water beyond any country's EEZ that is open to all states.

Question 31

Small Island Developing State

Answer 31

Control nearly 30 percent of all oceans and seas and their EEZs are much larger than their landmass. EEZ is very economically valuable to this.