Ch 17 and 18 - Positive and Negative Punishment

Question 1

What is a punishment?

Answer 1

A consequence immediately following a behavior that makes the behavior less likely to occur in the future

Question 2

What is a positive punishment?

Answer 2

Applying or giving an aversive stimulus

Question 3

What is a negative punishment?

Answer 3

Removing a reinforcer

Question 4

What are the issues with positive punishment?

Answer 4

Currently - the least used behavior modification procedure
Over-used and sometimes misused or abused in the past

Question 5

What are the two types of positive punishment?

Answer 5

application of aversive activities
application of aversive stimulation

Question 6

What are 4 types of punishment by application of aversive activities?

Answer 6

overcorrection
contingent exercise
guided compliance
physical restraint

Question 7

Describe overcorrection

Answer 7

The individual has to engage in effortful behavior contingent on the problem behavior

Question 8

Describe contingent exercise

Answer 8

Contingent on the problem behavior, the individual engages in some effortful behavior for a specified period of time

Question 9

Describe guided compliance

Answer 9

Contingent on problem behavior that occurs following a request, the individual is physically guided to comply with the request.
uses positive punishment and negative reinforcement

Question 10

Describe physical restraint

Answer 10

Contingent on the problem behavior, the body part involved in the behavior is held immobile for a specified period of time

Question 11

What are the two categories of negative punishers?

Answer 11

Time-outs
Response Cost

Question 12

Describe response cost

Answer 12

A specified amount of a reinforcer is removed following the problem behavior, causing the behavior to decrease in the future.

Question 13

What are common errors for implementing response cost protocols?

Answer 13

Repeatedly threaten to take something away, and/or not following through
Make reinforcer loss too delayed
Struggle with, scold or nag the individual while taking the reinforcer away

Question 14

What is a common error in implementing response cost protocols with token economies?

Answer 14

Taking away more tokens than are being delivered

Question 15

Describe time-out

Answer 15

The person is removed from all sources of reinforcement or from the reinforcing environment contingent on the problem behavior

Question 16

Describe extinction

Answer 16

The reinforcer for the problem behavior is no longer contingent on the behavior

Question 17

When would you want to use response cost instead of time-out or extinction?

Answer 17

When you don’t want to, or can’t remove the reinforcer maintaining the behavior. Another reinforcer is removed instead.