chemistry unit 2

Question 1

what are the two types of acid naming and name commen acids in each

Answer 1

1. binary acids: HCL (hydrochloric acid), HBr (hydrobromic acid), HF (hydroflouric acid), HI (hydroiodic acid).
2. oxyacids: HNO3 (nitric acid), H2SO4 (Sulfuric acids), H3PO4 (phosphoric acid)

Question 2

what is the difference between ionic and molecular compounds

Answer 2

ionic- metal and nonmetal
molecular- two non-metals

Question 3

how do you name ionic compounds

Answer 3

• metal stays the same
• non-metal the suffix changes to “ide”

Question 4

what is a cations and an anion (hint: occurs in ionic compounds)

Answer 4

cation- positively charged ion (occurs when metals lose electrons)

anion- negatively charged ion (occurs when non-metals gain electrons)

Question 5

what is a multivalent ion

Answer 5

when metals form stable ionic compounds with non-metals by donating different amounts of electrons

Question 6

what makes something molecular

Answer 6

when its a pure substance formed from two or more non-metals, they share valence electrons through covalent bonding

Question 7

what is a molecule

Answer 7

particle in which atoms are joined by covalent bonds

Question 8

what is a covalent bond

Answer 8

bond resulting from sharing valence electrons sharing between non-metals

Question 9

what is a diatomic molecule

Answer 9

consisting of only two atoms of the same or different element (HOFBrINCl)

Question 10

what is a non-polar/polar covalent bond

Answer 10

non-polar: bonding shared equally with no charges

polar: bonding shared unequally with physical charges

ionic: complete transfer of valence electrons, full charges

Question 11

what are the prefixes for covalents bonds

Answer 11

1- mono
2- di
3- tri
4- tetra
5- penta
6- hexa
7- hepta
8- octa
9- nona
10- deca

Question 12

what is the law of conservation of mass

Answer 12

the law that the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products

Question 13

what are the 9 chemical reactions??

Answer 13

1. synthesis
2. decompostion
3. double
4. single
5. incomplete organic combustion
6. complete organic combustion
7. combustion inorganic
8. corrosion
9. neutralization

Question 14

what is an acid?

Answer 14

chemical that INCREASES the concentration/amount of hydrogen ions in water

Question 15

what is a base?

Answer 15

chemical that DECREASES the concentration of H+ in water by causing OH- and H+ to form water molecules

Question 16

are acids and bases ionic or molecular compounds?

Answer 16

ionic compounds

Question 17

what are the four ways of chemical naming?

Answer 17

1. ionic compounds
2. molecular compounds
3. diatomic elements
4. acids

Question 18

explain the PH scale

Answer 18

• if the number is lower it means an increasing amount of H+ (such as 0-6)
• if the number is higher it means it has a decreasing amount of H+ (such as 8-14)
• goes from 0-14
  -#7 is H2O and is neutral
  -tells us how many H+ are present

Question 19

what is the neutralization reaction formula

Answer 19

acid+ base –> water + ionic compounds
(techncially also double displacement)

Question 20

explain all 9 chemical reactions

Answer 20

1. synthesis: A+B=AB
2. decompostion:AB=A+B
3. double: AB+XY=AY+BX
4. single: AB+X+XB+A
5. incomplete organic combustion:other contains carbon
6. complete organic combustion:other contains carbon
7. combustion inorganic: other reactant doesnt contain carbon
8. corrosion: occurs over long periods of time, doesnt give off lots of energy
9. neutralization: the formula

Question 21

what is combustion

Answer 21

• The rapid reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce oxides and release energy.
  -Always involve O2 as a reactant
  -Almost always exothermic (release energy)

Question 22

what is complete combustion

Answer 22

A combustion reaction of hydrocarbons that uses all available fuel and produced only CO2, H2O, and energy; occurs under excess oxygen.

Question 23

what is incomplete combustion

Answer 23

A combustion reaction of hydrocarbons that may produce CO, C, CO2, H2O, and energy; occurs under limited oxygen.

Question 24

what is corrosion

Answer 24

-Corrosion is the slow and heatless breakdown of metals as it reacts with chemicals in the environment
- affected by air, water, electrolytes, acidity, mechanical stress
- can change physical properties
- some are benifitial (hard oxide coatings on aluminum), some are destructive (flaky rust on iron)
- can be slowed with oil, paint, or zinc

Question 25

what are common household acids and bases

Answer 25

Some great and common acids that you can use are clear soda (Sprite, Sierra Mist, etc.), lemon juice, vinegar, green tea, and milk. Some great and common bases include baking soda, milk of magnesia, and dish soap.