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Anatomy > Connect Ch. 18 > Flashcards

Connect Ch. 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not a hormone?
Prolactin
Thymosin
Iodine
Natriuretic peptide
Insulin-like growth factor

A

Iodine

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2
Q

What makes a cell a target of a particular hormone?
The chemical properties of the hormone
The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone
The location of the gland that secretes the hormone
The location of the target cell in the body
The site where the hormone is secreted

A

The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone

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3
Q

Which of the following glands has more exocrine than endocrine tissue?
The pancreas
The adenohypophysis
The thyroid gland
The pineal gland
The adrenal gland

A

The pancreas

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4
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding the infundibulum?
The infundibulum is a mass of endocrine and neural cells.
The infundibulum is a portal system between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.
The infundibulum is a bulky nucleus composed of the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus.
The infundibulum is a depression of the sphenoid bone that protects the pituitary gland.
The infundibulum is a projection of the posterior pituitary that connects it to the hypothalamus.

A

The infundibulum is a projection of the posterior pituitary that connects it to the hypothalamus.

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5
Q

Which hormone would no longer be secreted if the hypothalamo-hypophysial tract were destroyed?
Oxytocin
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Growth hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Corticosterone

A

Oxytocin

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6
Q

What does parathyroid hormone play an important role in?
Raising blood calcium
Increasing sodium secretion
Assisting T-cell maturation
Setting the circadian rhythm

A

Raising blood calcium

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7
Q

Sex hormones, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids all belong to the family of hormones called __________.
corticosteroids
neuropeptides
proteoglycans
prostaglandins

A

corticosteroids

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8
Q

Adipocytes secrete the hormone __________, which signals the brain and helps to regulate the appetite.

A

Leptin

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9
Q

The heart secretes two hormones called __________ peptides that increase the urinary output of sodium and water.

A

Natriuretic Peptides

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10
Q

Which of these glands develops from the pharyngeal pouches?
The anterior pituitary
The posterior pituitary
The thyroid gland
The thymus
The adrenal gland

A

The thymus

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11
Q

The __________ pituitary develops from the hypophysial pouch of the embryo.

A

Anterior

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12
Q

Diabetes insipidus is caused by __________.
epinephrine hypersecretion
cortisol hypersecretion
aldosterone hypersecretion
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hypersecretion

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion

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13
Q

Which of the following cannot cause Cushing syndrome?
ACTH hypersecretion by the pituitary
ACTH-secreting tumors
Hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex
Hyperactivity of the adrenal medulla
Excess cortisol secretion

A

Hyperactivity of the adrenal medulla

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14
Q

Growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion causes gigantism when it begins in childhood, but it is more likely to cause ________ when it begins in adulthood.
myxedema
Graves disease
Cushing syndrome
goiter
acromegaly

A

acromegaly

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15
Q

Which of the following endocrine glands is inferior in location to the rest?
The adrenal gland
The pineal body
The pituitary gland
The thyroid
The thymus

A

The adrenal gland

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16
Q

Which of the following is true regarding endocrine glands?
Their secretions may be released onto the body surface.
They release their secretions into the blood.
They secrete substances that do not alter the metabolism of their target cells, but have extracellular effects.
They secrete their products by way of ducts.
They have an unusually low density of blood capillaries.

A

They release their secretions into the blood.

17
Q

Which statement is incorrect?
Hormones may have widespread, distant effects on the body.
The effect of hormones is shorter than the effect of nerve impulses.
A common second-messenger is cyclic AMP.
Steroid hormones are carried in the blood by transport proteins.
Endocrine glands lack ducts.

A

The effect of hormones is shorter than the effect of nerve impulses.

18
Q

What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone?
The site where the hormone is secreted
The location of the target cells in the body
The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone
The location of the gland that secretes the hormone
The chemical properties of the hormone

A

The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone

19
Q

The posterior pituitary releases _________.
growth hormone (GH)
oxytocin (OT)
thyroid hormone (TH)
prolactin (PRL)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

oxytocin (OT)

20
Q

What is the target organ of corticotropin-releasing hormone?
The gonads
The adrenal cortex
The thyroid gland
The posterior pituitary
The anterior pituitary

A

The anterior pituitary

21
Q

Which of the following hormones passes through the hypothalamo-hypophysial tract?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Antidiuretic hormone

A

Antidiuretic hormone

22
Q

The _________ secretes growth hormone, which is also known as somatotropin.
thymus
posterior pituitary
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary
thyroid

A

anterior pituitary

23
Q

Which of the following is the correct abbreviation for the hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH?
GHIH
TRH
CRH
GHRH
APRH

A

CRH

24
Q

Which of the following is not a hypothalamic hormone?
Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Somatostatin

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

25
Q

What hormone is responsible for the ejection of milk from the mammary glands?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Progesterone
Prolactin
Estrogen
Oxytocin

A

Oxytocin

26
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the __________.
kidneys
pancreas
hypothalamus
adrenal gland
anterior pituitary

A

kidneys

27
Q

Which hormone plays a role in the development and activity of lymphocytes?
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Erythropoietin
Adrenocorticotropin hormone
Melatonin
Thymosin

A

Thymosin

28
Q

Between meals, alpha (α) cells in the pancreatic islets secrete _________, which _________ blood glucose.
glucagon; lowers
glucagon; raises
glucocorticoids; raises
insulin; raises
insulin; lowers

A

glucagon; raises

29
Q

Parathyroid hormone is antagonized by which hormone?
Antidiuretic hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Calcitonin
Aldosterone
Thyroid hormone

A

Calcitonin

30
Q

Which hormone does the adrenal medulla secrete?
Norepinephrine
Glucocorticoids
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Endorphin

A

Norepinephrine

31
Q

Which hormone targets the kidney?
Angiotensinogen I
Calcitriol
Erythropoietin
Aldosterone
Leptin

A

Aldosterone

32
Q

What does the hormone produced by the heart do?
Increase sodium excretion in the kidney
Increase sodium absorption in the kidney
Increase the heart rate and force
Increase potassium excretion in the kidney
Decrease urine output

A

Increase sodium excretion in the kidney

33
Q

Neuroendocrine cells are best described as which of the following?
They are neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream.
They are endocrine cells that respond to neurotransmitters.
They are endocrine cells that have evolved from neurons.
They are neurons whose activity is regulated by hormones.
They are neurons that regulate secretion by endocrine glands.

A

They are neurons that release hormones into the bloodstream.

34
Q

Which structure secretes glucocorticoids?
Renal medulla
Zona fasciculata
Adenohypophysis
Zona reticularis
Zona glomerulosa

A

Zona fasciculata

35
Q

Which of the following is produced by the pineal gland?
Dopamine
Thymosin
Melatonin
Oxytocin
Melanin

A

Melatonin

36
Q

Hormone replacement therapy may be used to treat which of the following?
Hypersecretion of a hormone
An increased number of receptors for a specific hormone
Hyposecretion of a hormone
Aging
Target cell increased sensitivity

A

Hyposecretion of a hormone

37
Q

The absence of iodine in the diet leads to __________.
hypoglycemia
hypoxemia
hypoparathyroidism
hypothyroidism
hypocalcemia

A

hypothyroidism

38
Q

Which two glands are especially noted for regressing after childhood?
The thymus and pineal gland
The thymus and adrenal medulla
The thyroid and parathryroids
The anterior and posterior pituitary
The thymus and thyroid

A

The thymus and pineal gland

39
Q

A person who experiences glucose in the urine, increased urine output, and intense thirst might be suffering from what condition?
Cushing disease
Diabetes mellitus
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Addison disease

A

Diabetes mellitus

Anatomy (37 decks)

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