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history > Bureaucracy > Flashcards

Bureaucracy Flashcards

1
Q

Bureaucracy

A

DEPARTMENTS
GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES
SYSTEM

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2
Q

Byblos

A

Modern Lebanon, traded for cedar wood for boats and roofs.

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3
Q

Nubia

A

Egypt conquered and gained gold and enslaved many Nubian people, Modern Sudan

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4
Q

Sinai

A

Between Africa and Asia, Peninsula

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5
Q

Pepi I

A

Conquered Sinai peninsula, Helped Egypt trade more copper

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6
Q

Cuneiform

A

Very old wedge-shaped writing, Sumeriann writing

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7
Q

Hieroglyphs

A

Symbolic Egyptian writing

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8
Q

Pyramids

A

Huge stone monuments, tombs

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9
Q

Pepi II

A

Last Pharaoh of Old Kingdom, whose reign lasted 90 years!

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10
Q

Thebes

A

City in Upper Egypt that became new capital (replacing Memphis) in the Middle Kingdom era

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11
Q

Punt

A

Modern Somalia, trading center for exotic spices and frankincense

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12
Q

Suez Canal

A

Connects waterways for trading - Mediterranean and Red Seas

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13
Q

New Chariots

A

Faster and lighter than Hyksos

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14
Q

Sequenenra

A

Egyptian prince from Thebes who led fight against the Hyksos and died in battle

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15
Q

Ahmose

A

Annihilated Hyksos
king who founded powerful 18th dynasty that ruled Egypt for centuries

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16
Q

Thutmose I

A

Active warrior Pharaoh who conquered Syria, first buried in Valley of the Kings

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17
Q

Hatshepsut

A

Female Pharaoh, History’s first great women leader, peaceful and prosperous

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18
Q

Thutmose III

A

Stepson of Hatshepsut, sought to erase her reign, expanded Egypt, greatest general

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19
Q

Amonhotep IV

A

ECCENTRIC
CREATED NEW RELIGION (One god)
1361 BCE

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20
Q

Tutankhamon

A

Boy king, his nearly intact tomb was great discovery

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21
Q

Ramses II

A

Big ego, had many structures built in his honor

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22
Q

Hittites

A

Warrior race from the east, peace treaty with them was first known in history

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23
Q

Alexander the Great

A

Conqueror of Egypt in 323 BCE, military genius, built Alexandria, Macedonian

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24
Q

Cleopatra

A

Last member of Egypt’s last dynasty, controlled by Rome, wife of Julius Caesar and then Marc Antony

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25
Q

Mastaba

A

Flat-topped mud brick tomb, means bench in Arabic, earliest pyramid

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26
Q

Imhotep

A

Designed the first step pyramid, considered first scientist in recorded history

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27
Q

Scribe

A

Professional writer and record keeper

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28
Q

Papyrus

A

Plants on Nile used to make paper

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29
Q

Rosetta Stone

A

Stone with 3 different languages, allowed us to understand hieroglyphics

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30
Q

Stele

A

A tall granite stone with words inscribed on it, one was near the sphinx

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31
Q

Karnak

A

A complex of temples, ruins of Temple of Amon. The biggest standing house of worship in the world at over 5 acres! Temple to Amon

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32
Q

Hypostyle Hall

A

Largest columned hall in the world

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33
Q

Column Capital

A

Top of column, some had papyrus plants or lotus flowers, symbol of life from sun god Amon

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34
Q

Obelisk

A

Tall pillar with pyramid point to

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35
Q

Abu Simbel

A

Temple to Ramses II with 4 giant statues, moved to make space for modern dam there

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36
Q

Irrigation

A

System of watering crops

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37
Q

Shaduf

A

Irrigation tool, Lever and bucket, Primitive water pump

38
Q

Chaff

A

Wheat Seed Covering

39
Q

Nome/Nomarch

A

Territory/ruler of a territory, Oversaw irrigation systems

40
Q

Nekheb/Nekhbet

A

Capital of Upper Egypt, Patron Vulture Goddess of Upper Egypt

41
Q

Upper Egypt

A

Upstream from delta on the Nile, southern Egypt

42
Q

King Menes

A

ruler of upper Egypt who united upper and lower Egypt

43
Q

Memphis

A

Capital city near Cairo Between Upper and Lower Egypt, Means balance of 2 lands

44
Q

Vizier

A

Prime Minister, Advisor to the
Pharaoh, second in command

45
Q

Pharaoh’s Titles

A

Pharaoh means “He who lives in a great house”, Enclosed in cartouche, shows the power of pharaoh

46
Q

Pharaoh’s Childhood

A

Often pleasant, educated at a young age, separated boys from girls, later expected to marry relative

47
Q

Flail & Crook

A

Symbols of Pharaoh’s power, shepherd and protector

48
Q

Inundation

A

Yearly flood believed to be from the gods

49
Q

Cataract

A

Sections of rapids and waterfalls along the Nile

50
Q

Kemi/Kemet

A

Silt/the land of black silt

51
Q

Khent/Khed

A

to go up stream, to go down stream

52
Q

Cartouche

A

Oval ring with sacred names shows pharaoh’s power

53
Q

Pepi II

A

Longest ruling Pharaoh, from 6 to 100!

54
Q

Kepresh

A

Pharaoh war crown made of leather

55
Q

Uraeus

A

Brightly colored cobra on pharaoh’s headdress, spitting fire at enemies

56
Q

Nemes

A

Pharaoh’s less formal headdress, cloth, made with linen and gold thread

57
Q

Lower Egypt

A

Downstream on Nile, Northern Egypt

58
Q

Nile River

A

Life source of Egypt, Was like a highway for travel, irrigation, longest river in the world

59
Q

Horus-Hawk

A

Hawk God, brought life from the sky in creation myth

60
Q

Myth

A

A story that explains the past

61
Q

Epic

A

A long poem about a hero

62
Q

Prehistory

A

History before the development of writing

63
Q

Nomads

A

People who moved with the flocks and herds

64
Q

Artifacts

A

Artifacts are historical objects made by humans

65
Q

Attila the Hun

A

Leader of Huns and defeated Romans. Was humble and had a strong relationship with his son

66
Q

Troy

A

ancient walled city on modern Turkish coast. Site of major war. Trojan horse

67
Q

Odysseus

A

Hero, King of Ithaca, Boastful, Quick-thinking. Commander at Troy

68
Q

History

A

The study of the past

69
Q

Secondary Source

A

Source produced AFTER the event or time period. Gives info about the primary source. Not an eyewitness.

70
Q

Oral Tradition

A

Another important non-written source is a culture’s oral tradition the legends, myths, and beliefs passed on by word of mouth from generation to generation

71
Q

Cuneiform

A

A type of writing that is using shapes and wedges. Cuneiform means wedge shaped. Started in Mesopotamia

72
Q

Polytheism

A

Polytheism is when you believe or worship more than one god

73
Q

Primary Source

A

Sources produced during the same time period as the events the describe

74
Q

Pictograph

A

pictures that stand for words or ideas

75
Q

Culture

A

Behaviors, beliefs, customs, and attitudes of a group of people

76
Q

Surplus

A

Surplus is when you have a lot of something that you don’t need. Extra food that helps make a city

77
Q

Scribe

A

A scribe is a person that reads papers to someone like a king. They also write for people because not everyone was literate.
Professional writer and record keeper

78
Q

Plateau

A

Broad area of high flat land (high flat land)

79
Q

Plain

A

A broad area of flat, open, land, that is lower than the plateau.
(low flat land)

80
Q

City-State

A

A city with surrounding villages

81
Q

Administrator

A

An administrator is a manager, or an organizer. Oversees Irrigation system in ancient cultures.

82
Q

Artisan

A

A skilled worker who makes such goods by hand

83
Q

Cities

A

Farmers grow extra food. The extra food increased the population and made many more settlements

84
Q

Complex Religion

A

Elaborate ceremonies to make gods happy to avoid floods and increase harvest (Temples, rituals, many gods)

85
Q

Job specialization

A

Artisans and craftsmen make specific items and do specific job

86
Q

Social Classes

A

Due to specialized jobs,
Lower - slaves, foreigners
Middle - tradespeople
Upper - warriors, kings, priests

87
Q

Writing

A

Method to record words of spoken language

88
Q

Art and Architecture

A

Expressed beliefs and values
Show power of the king and community

89
Q

Public Works

A

Carried out by governments for the community (ex - irrigation systems, walls, roads)

90
Q

Fossil

A

The remains or imprints of once-living plants or animals

history (10 decks)

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