Elements and Principles of Floral Design Flashcards
Elements of floral design
The directly observable components, ingredients, and physical characteristics of a design
Line
Form
Space
Texture
Size
Colour
line
The visual pathway that directs eye movement through a composition.
Framework that holds the entire arrangement together
Distance between two points
Vertical lines: stress height and suggest power and strength
Horizontal lines: stress width and are peaceful and calm, provide a sense of stability
Diagonal line: dynamically energetic, causing more eye movement. Used sparingly.
Curved line: suggest motion, but are softer, more comforting. Eye moves quickly through design.
Form/Shape
The shape or configuration of an individual component of the composition.
Round: Flower arrangement is basically round in shape
Oval: Flowers make an oval shaped arrangement
Fan: Flowers make a fan or semicircle shaped arrangement
D. Triangle
Equilateral: All three sides are the same length
Asymmetrical: Sides of different lengths
Right angle: Flowers make L shape
E. Inverted-T: Flowers make an upside down T (⊥
F. Vertical:
Straight up, in a bud vase
Tall vertically, narrow horizontally
G. Horizontal: Long horizontally and short vertically
. Diagonal: Halfway between vertical and horizontal
I. Crescent: Shaped like a quarter moon
J. Hogarth Curve: Shaped like an “S” curve
SPACE
The area in, around, and between the components of the design, defined by the three-dimensional area occupied by the composition.
. TEXTURE,5. Size and
The surface quality of a material, as perceived by sight or touch.
Generally designated as fine, medium, or coarse
Fine textures and smooth, shiny surfaces give the appearance of formality or elegance
Coarse textures and rough, dull surfaces are more informal and casual
size
The physical dimensions of line, form, or space
Emotional aspect
color
color
The visual response of the eye to reflected rays of light
Most important design element (visual design)
Emotional response
Necessary to understand few basic principle to make effective of color wheel (12 colors)
A. Primary Colors: Primary colors cannot be made by mixing any other combinations of colors.
Red
Yellow
Blue
B. Secondary Colors/Hues: Secondary colors are composed by mixing two primary colors
Green= blue + yellow
Violet= blue + red
Orange= red + yellow
Red and yellow- warm colours, advance to viewer
blue and green- cold colorsm Move away from viewers
Principles of Floral Design
Principles of design-fundamental guidelines to aesthetic design that govern the organization of the elements and materials in accordance with the laws of nature.
- Balance
- Proportion
Scale - Dominance
Emphasis
Focal Area
Accent - Rhythm
Repetition
Transition - Harmony
- Unity
BALANCE
Gives a sense of equilibrium and repose, a feeling of three-dimensional stability
When the flower size and container flow together and complement each other
Stability of an arrangement
types of balance
a. Physical Balance -Actual stability of plant materials; will not fall over
Physical Balance is achieved through:
proper placement of flowers
equal amounts of weight on both sides of the central axis of the arrangement
If physical/mechanical balance is not achieved, the arrangement may topple
b. .Visual Balance -Perception of arrangement being in balance in appearance
Visual Balance achieved through:
proper use of plant materials according to size
dark flowers appear heavier than light ones
Flowers or objects of coarse texture appear heavier than those with a smooth texture
Heavy flowers or objects need to be placed near the base of arrangements
Lighter ones are placed near the edges to give visual balance
C. Symmetry Balance -Two equal halves when vertical line drawn through center
Symmetrical Balance achieved through:
equal visual weight on each side of an imaginary, central, vertical line
usually the materials used should be very similar
Symmetrical balance is also known as formal balance
Symmetrical arrangements should be displayed against a symmetrical background
Arrangements placed on the altar and at the head table at a banquet are usually symmetrically balanced
D. Asymmetry Balance-
Asymmetrical Balance is achieved through:
Equal visual weight on both sides of the central axis, but each side is different in plant materials and the arrangement
Equal visual weight does not have to be expressed by identical materials
Japanese styles of arranging are based on asymmetrical balance
Asymmetrical balance suggests movement to the eye
Two halves not equal, informal
- PROPORTION
The comparative relationship in size, quantity, and degree of emphasis among components within the composition.
The relationship of one portion to another, or of one portion to the whole.
Design should be 1 ½ to 2 times the height or width of the container
Scale: refers to the relationship between an arrangement and the area in which it is to be displayed
The relative ratio of size, or the relationship of the size of a composition to the surrounding area or environment.
DOMINANCE
The visual organization within a design that emphasizes one or more aspects. When one element is emphasized, others are subordinate.
Uses a predominance of one color, texture, line or kind of flower and complement this with small amounts of other colors and flowers.
Maintaining dominance of one type of material, the finished design is more pleasing.
A. Emphasis: The special attention or importance given to one or more areas within a design. Directs eye to more important areas. Can be created by texture, color, and kind of flower and movement
B. Focal Point: The area of greatest visual impact or weight; the center of interest to which the eye is most naturally drawn. One element different than others
Center of gravity or balance
Where eye is drawn
Where the eye rests
C. Accent: Detail added to a design to provide additional interest, affecting the total character of the composition. Attention-getting plant due to its color or form
- RHYTHM
Flow or movement characterized by regular recurrence of elements or features
Use repeated patterns and graceful spacing.
Repetition: The recurrence of like elements within a composition
Transition: The ease of visual movement which results from gradual degrees of change among one or more of the elements
- HARMONY
Compatibility: a pleasing or congruent arrangement of parts.
All parts should go together or “harmonize” with each other. When all parts flow together to give a completed look to the arrangement
A pleasing relationship within the design in color, texture, shape, size, and line
Accessories such as candles, plums, kiwi enhance an overall harmonious theme
UNITY
The state of being one, united, or complete in itself.
The arrangement is seen as a whole piece instead of only individual parts.
Oneness of purpose, thought, style, and spirit.
All the parts of the design suggest a single idea or impression
