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Reproduction and Sexual Health > microbiology > Flashcards

microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

some different types of bacteria causing STI’s

A
  • GC
  • chlamydia - lymphogranuloma venereum
  • mycoplasma
  • ureaplasma
  • syphilis
  • anaerobes
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2
Q

what is the typical age range of people being affected by GC?

A
  • 15-49 years old
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3
Q

what type of bacteria is GC?

A
  • gram negative diplococci
  • and is sexually transmitted
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4
Q

how do you screen for GC?

A
  • PCR
  • requires chocolate agar to grow
  • specific GC media
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5
Q

what bacteria is show on this microscopic image?

A

GC

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6
Q

what does GC cause?

A
  • urithritis, cervicitis, disseminated disease, PID, pharyngitis, proctits
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7
Q

antibiotic treatment for GC depends on local resistance? true or false?

A
  • true
  • usually ceftriaxone, not ciprofloxacin unless sensitivity is known
  • azithromycin
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8
Q

what kind of infection makes antibiotic tx for diseases like GC less successful?

A
  • infections of the pharynx due to limited tissue penetration of antibiotics
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9
Q

chlaymdia trachomatis is what kind of bacteria?

A
  • intracellular bacterium
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10
Q

which gender is chlamydia more common in?

A
  • women, 15-24 years old
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11
Q

how is chlamydia transmitted?

A
  • sexually transmitted

-> often 50% of infection resolves untreated after 12 months

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12
Q

what is a typical symptom presentation of chlamydia?

A
  • increased vaginal discharge, post-coital bleeding, dysuria, dyspareunia, rectal pain
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13
Q

what are some complications of chlamydia?

A
  • PID, salpingitis, endometritis, tubal infertility, ectopic pregancy, perihepatitis, reactive arthritis
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14
Q

what is typical testing for chlamydia?

A
  • NAAT
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15
Q

what is the tx for chlamydia?

A
  • doxycycline or azithromycin
    -> also covered by ofloxacin
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16
Q

you do not need to use contact tracting for chlaymdia true or false?

A
  • false
  • you do
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17
Q

serovar L2 (and L1/L3) are specific strains that cause?

A
  • lymphogranuloma venereum
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18
Q

how does lymphogranuloma venereum present?

A
  • presents as outbreaks
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19
Q

what is the clinical presentation of lymphogranuloma venereum?

A
  • painless ulcers and/or haemorrhagic proctitis, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy (often unilateral)
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20
Q

what are some anaerobes that can cause bacterial vaginosis?

A
  • gardnerella vaginalis
  • prevotells sp.
  • mobiluncus sp.
  • atopobium sp..
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21
Q

what is the testing for bv?

A
  • gram stain
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22
Q

what is the tx for bv?

A
  • metrondiazole (oral or gel), clindamycin cream
    and avoid vaginal douching
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23
Q

can you do gram stain testing on mycoplasma genitalium? and if no, why not?

A
  • you can’t do gram straining on this anaerobe as it lacks cell walls
  • NAAT testing instead…
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24
Q

is mycoplasma genitalium sexually transmitted? true or false?

A
  • true
  • usually asymptomatic carriage
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25
Q

how does mycoplasma genitalium present?

A
  • PID, and urethritis
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26
Q

what is the tx for mycoplasma genitalium?

A
  • doxycycline or moxifloxacin
    -> increasing macrolide resistance
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27
Q

what is ureaplasma?

A
  • sexually transmitted disease
  • which can become part of normal genital flora
28
Q

what does ureaplasma cause?

A
  • urethritis, epididymitis, and prostatitis
29
Q

how is ureaplasma found?

A
  • PCR
30
Q

what kind of sensitivity testing can be carried out for ureaplasma?

A
  • liquid culture
31
Q

what kind of bacteria is treponema pallidum?

A
  • spirochaete, moved by rapid rotation
32
Q

what does treponema pallidum cause?

A
  • causes syphilis
33
Q

how is treponema pallidum transmitted?

A
  • sexually transmitted, via blood transfusion or during pregnancy
34
Q

how is treponema pallidum tested for?

A
  • PCR from lesion sample
    and treponemal serology

test 1: treponemal IgG and IgM
test 2 if test 1 is positive: specific treponema pallidum assay and RPR (rapid plasma reagin)/VDRL

35
Q

primary: how does treponema pallidum present?

A
  • chancre (genital ulcer) resolves over 3-8 weeks
36
Q

secondary: in 25% of untreated primary treponema pallidum:

A
  • rash including palms and soles
  • mucous pathes
  • condylomata lata
  • hepaitits, splenomegly, glomerulonephritis
37
Q

at what point does latent treponema pallidum disease present?

A
  • 3-12 weeks
38
Q

what is a late (tertiary) disease presentation of treponema pallidum?

A
  • neurosyphilis/cardivascular/gummatous
39
Q

can treponema pallidum be acquired congenitally true or false?

A
  • true
40
Q

what is tx for treponema pallidum?

A
  • benzathine penicillin
    or pen relatives, or doxycycline, or azithromycin or erythromycin
41
Q

what are the 2 types of herpes simplex?

A
  • HSV-1
  • HSV-2

they are DNA viruses

42
Q

how is HSV1 transmitted?

A
  • oral-to-oral contact
  • ‘cold sores’
43
Q

how is HSV-2 transmitted?

A
  • sexually transmitted
  • i.e. genital herpes w lesions
44
Q

is HSV an asymptomatic or symptomatic virus?

A
  • typically asympomatic
45
Q

what are the complications for herpes simplex?

A
  • increases risk of HIV transmission by 3x
  • more severe disease in immunocompromised people
46
Q

specific to HSV-1 what is a complication of this infection?

A
  • keratitis, encephalitis
47
Q

specific to HSV-2 what is a complication of this infection?

A
  • meningoenecephalitis
48
Q

what is neonatal herpes?

A
  • affects 10/100,000 births globally
  • primary herpes in mother late in pregnancy
49
Q

herpes simplex tx?

A
  • aciclovir and valaciclovir
  • prevention is key
50
Q

what kind of virus is HPV

A
  • small, non-enveloped DNA virus
  • highly transmissable
  • transmitted sexually
51
Q

what kind of cancers is HPV assoc with?

A
  • cervical cancer
  • assoc w further anogenital and head and neck cancer types
52
Q

HPV 16 + 18 can cause what kind of cancer?

A
  • cervical cancer
53
Q

HPV 6 and 11 causes what disease?

A
  • genital warts
54
Q

is varicella zoster sextually transmitted infection?

A
  • no
  • highly contagious passed via droplets and aerosols
55
Q

what kind of testing is required to differentiate between HSV and varicella zoster?

A

PCR testing

56
Q

how does varicella zoster first present?

A
  • chickenpox in children <10
  • then zoster (more common in people over 50 and immunocompromised)
57
Q

what is a complication of primary infection of varicella zoster?

A
  • pneumonia
  • encephaltiis
  • pregnancy: fetal injury
58
Q

what are some complications of recurrent VZ infection?

A
  • lasting nerve damage
  • visual impairment
59
Q

what is tx for severe cases of VZ?

A
  • aciclovir
  • vaccination available - attenuated ‘live’ vaccine
60
Q

what is yeast?

A
  • gram positive fungi
  • present on normal skin flora
61
Q

what type of yeast most commonly shows up on a germ tube pos test?

A
  • candida albicans (mostly) sometimes pseudohyphae on microscopy
62
Q

what is a common clinical appearance of a yeast infection?

A
  • vulvovaginal cadidiasis
63
Q

what is the tx for yeast infection?

A
  • topical and/or systemic antifungals
64
Q

what is trichomonas vaginalis?

A
  • unicellular protozoa
  • sexually transmmitted
  • more common in women
65
Q

how does trichomonas vaginalis present?

A
  • clinically
  • discharge w vulval itching, dysuria, prostatitis, ?preterm delivery
66
Q

testing for tricho?

A
  • microscopy from vaginal swab
  • NAAT also from urine
67
Q

tx for tricho?

A
  • metronidazole

Reproduction and Sexual Health (29 decks)

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