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Poultry Pathology Practical > Practical 5 - Turkey > Flashcards

Practical 5 - Turkey Flashcards

1
Q

At what age does the turkey reach the breeding maturity?

A

28-30 weeks of age

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2
Q

Name the different structures of the Turkey:

A
  1. Caruncles
  2. Snood
  3. Wattle
  4. Major caruncle
  5. Beard
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3
Q

What is a young turkey called?

A

Poult

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4
Q

What is a female turkey called?

A

Hen

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5
Q

What is a male turkey called?

A

Tom

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6
Q

Name important diseases of turkey:

A
  • Enteric disease
  • Turkey haemorrhagic enteritis
  • Histomonosis
  • Locomotor problems
  • Respiratory diseases
  • Avian pox
  • Different technopathies
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7
Q

What type of clinical symptoms can be seen of the enteric disease in turkeys?

A

On flock there is two different diseases: PEC and PEMS

PEC: We can see huddling, diarrhoea, immunosuppression

PEMS: The mortality is up to 100%

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8
Q

What is the mortality of poult enteritis and mortality syndrome?

A

100%

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9
Q

What is PEC?

A

Poult enteritis complex

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10
Q

What is PEMS?

A

Poult enteritis and mortality syndrome

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11
Q

What is the cause of enteric disease in turkey?

A

Viruses and due to a secondary bacterial infection, such as E.coli

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12
Q

What is turkey haemorrhagic enteritis?

A

It is an acute disorder affecting young turkeys, over 4 weeks old

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13
Q

What is the pathogen of Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis?

A

Adenoviridae, sidaenovirus and turkey adenovirus 3

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14
Q

How is Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis infected?

A

orally

Incubation period is 5-6 days

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15
Q

What is the key clinical sign of Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis?

A

Bloody diarrhoea

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16
Q

Pathological findings of Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis:

A
  • Anaemia
  • Blood in the intestines
  • Splenomegaly
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17
Q

What is histomonosis?

A

Also called the black leg disease, if affects young turkeys - 1-4 months of age.

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18
Q

What causes histomonosis?

A

Histomonas meleagridis

Heterakis gallinarum

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19
Q

Clincal signs of Histomonosis:

A

Sulfur-yellow diarrhoea

Anorexia, depression, head carried low causing cyanosis

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20
Q

Pathological findings of histomonosis:

A

Typhlohepatitis

In the ceca: enlarged, thickening of walls, firm, ulcerative and caseonecrotic lesions

In the liver: necrotic target-like lesions with raised edges and a depressed center

21
Q

What are the most common locomotor prblems in a turkey?

A

– Rickets (rachitis)
– Arthritis and tenosynovitis
– Kinky back disease

22
Q

What can we typical see if the turker has rickets?

A

-Costal beads = beading of the costochondral joints

  • Curved carina sterni
23
Q

What is Arthritis and tenosynovitis

A

Arthritis is a progressive condition that appears as early as 10-12 weeks of age

Tenosynovitis is just another name for it

24
Q

What causes Arthritis and tenosynovitis?

A

Mycoplasma synoviae

25
Q

Clinical signs of Arthritis and tenosynovitis:

A

– Uneven growth of birds
– Signs of limping
– (Respiratory signs)

26
Q

Pathological findings in case of Arthritis and tenosynovitis:

A

Orginially we see swollen joints and in turkeys we see a a viscous exudate, then creamy even cheesy or fibrinopurulent, in the joints

27
Q

What is kinky back?

A

One of vertebrae’s slips forward

28
Q

Another name for kinky back

A

Spondylolisthesis

29
Q

Who is more prone to get Spondylolisthesis?

A

Males, at the end of broiler period

30
Q

What causes Spondylolisthesis?

A

Developmental problems due to rapid growth rate

31
Q

What is a consequence/clinical signs of Spondylolisthesis?

A

posterior paresis and paralysis

32
Q

Which vertebrae is most important in Spondylolisthesis?

A

Th4, it displaces causing a pinched spinal cord

33
Q

Pathologically, what can we find during a necropsy?

A

– displacement of the 4th thoracic vertebra resulting in a pinched spinal cord

– spondylolisthesis, spinal cord compression

34
Q

How is spondylolisthesis best confirmed?

A

By splitting the spinal column along a
longitudinal midline to allow visualization of the spinal cord compression

35
Q

Name important respiratory diseases in turkeys

A

– Turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT)
– Mycoplasmosis
– Pneumomycosis

36
Q

How many different types of mycoplasmosis can we see in turkeys?

A

– Meleagridis mycoplasmosis caused by Mycoplasma meleagridis

– Embryopathy and air sacculitis in poult caused by Mycoplasma iowae

– Infectious synovitis caused by Mycoplasma synoviae

37
Q

What is Turkey rhinotracheitis?

A

A upper respiratory tract infection

38
Q

What causes Turkey rhinotracheitis?

A

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) due to a secondary e.coli infection

39
Q

Clinical signs of Turkey rhinotracheitis?

A

Respiratory symptoms

40
Q

What is meleagridis mycoplasmosis?

A

primarily causes an egg-transmitted infection that leads to embyronic death. turkeys that leads to airsacculitis in the offspring or embryonic death.

41
Q

If the embryo survives the meleagridis mycoplasmosis, what can it cause?

A

airsacculitis in the offspring or intrusion of the cervico-clavicular air sac in the 5th-12th
cervical vertebrae causing an abnormal bone growth

42
Q

What is the causative agent of respiratory mycoplasmosis in turkes?

A

Mycoplasma meleagridis

43
Q

Pathological findings due to mycoplasmosis:

A

Air sacculitis

the mortality is high during hatching

44
Q

What is the avian pox?

A

It causes lesions (wart-like growths) on the unfeathered parts of the bird’s body and, in some cases, the mouth, larynx, and/or trachea

45
Q

What causes avian pox?

A

Fowlpox virus (Avipoxvirus, Poxviridae)

46
Q

What is the pathogenesis of avian pox?

A

The infected turkey will develop viraemia I which replicates in the organs. Eventually they will reach viraemia II, and the pox will “bloom”

47
Q

Clinical signs of avian pox:

A

– Cutaneous form
– Diphtheritic form
– Systemic form

48
Q

What can be seen in turkeys due to Technopathies?

A
  • Salt poisoning
  • Pododermatitis
  • Phytotrichobezoar in the gizzard
  • Cutting the beak, causing necrosis, gangrene, pain
  • Strangulation by string
49
Q

what is the main problem leading to salt poisoning for newly hatched turkeys?

A

Not mixing the feed well enough.

Poultry Pathology Practical (10 decks)

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