Communicable diseases

Question 1

communicable disease definition

Answer 1

illness due to a specific infectious agent or its toxic products
capable of being directly or indirectly transmitted person to person, animal to person, animal to anima or from the environment to person

Question 2

transmission from the environment

Answer 2

air
water
food

Question 3

incidence

Answer 3

number of new cases in a given time period

Question 4

cumulative incidence

Answer 4

expressed as a percent infected per year

Question 5

incidence density

Answer 5

number per person time of observation

Question 6

prevalence

Answer 6

number of cases at a given time expressed as a percent at a given time
product of incidence and duration of disease
little use if short term disease

Question 7

epidemic

Answer 7

unusual occurrence in a community of disease
specific health related behaviour or other health related events clearly in excess of expected occurrence
can occur upon endemic states

Question 8

endemic

Answer 8

refers to the constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographic area or population group
usual or expected frequency of disease within a population

Question 9

exotic disease

Answer 9

those imported into a country in which they don’t otherwise occur

Question 10

sporadic

Answer 10

scattered
cases occur irregularly, haphazardly from time to time and generally infrequent
few cases and separated widely in places they show no or little connection with each other
not a recognisable common source of infection
may be start of an epidemic

Question 11

zoonosis

Answer 11

infection trasnmissable under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to people
rabies, plague,bovine, tuberculosis

Question 12

epizootic

Answer 12

outbreak of disease in an anima population

Question 13

enzootic

Answer 13

endemic occurring in animals

Question 14

2 types of epidemic

Answer 14

common source
propagated

Question 15

common source

Answer 15

point source
rapid rise and fall of incidence
arises from single source such as food poisoning

Question 16

propagated

Answer 16

person to person
slow rise and fall in incidence
disease may be transmitted from each contaminated individual

Question 17

what type of epidemic is this

Answer 17

point source

Question 18

what type of epidemic is this

Answer 18

propagation

Question 19

communicable period

Answer 19

infectious period
length of time a person can transmit disease
sheds the infectious agent

Question 20

incubation period

Answer 20

time from exposure to development of disease
time interval between invasion by an infectious agent and the appearance of the first sign or symptom of disease in question

Question 21

latent period

Answer 21

period between exposure and the onset of infectiousness
may be longer or shorter than incubation

Question 22

nosocomial infection

Answer 22

hospital acquired
infection originating in a patient whilst in hospital or another health care facility

Question 23

source/reservoir genera l

Answer 23

starting point for the occurrence of a communicable disease is the existence of a reservoir or source of infection

Question 24

source of infection

Answer 24

the person/animal/object/substance from which an infectious agent passes or is disseminated to the host (immediate source)

Question 25

reservoir definition

Answer 25

any person/animal/arthropod/plant/soil/substance or combination of these in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies
depends primarily for survival where it reproduces itself in such a manner that it can be transmitted to a susceptible host
natural habitat of infectious agent

Question 26

types of reservoirs

Answer 26

human
animal
non-living

Question 27

2 modes of transmission

Answer 27

direct
indirect

Question 28

direct transmission

Answer 28

direct contact
droplet
contact with soil
inoculation into skin or mucosa
trans-placenta (vertical)

Question 29

indirect transmission

Answer 29

vehicle-borne
vector-borne
air-borne
formite-born
unclean hands and fingers

Question 30

types of vector borne

Answer 30

mechanical and biological

Question 31

types of biological vector

Answer 31

propagative
cyclo-prop
cyclo-develop

Question 32

eradication

Answer 32

termination of all transmission of infection by the extermination of the infectious agent through surveillance and containment
absolute process, all or none phenomenon
restricted to termination of infection from the whole world

Question 33

elimination

Answer 33

sometimes used to describe the eradication
from a large geographical region
disease which are amenable to elimination in the meantime are polio, measles and diphtheria

Question 34

management of infection in hospitals

Answer 34

director of infection prevention and control
infection prevention and control tea m

Question 35

management of infections in the community

Answer 35

local health protection system