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History A Level > 4.4 Summary > Flashcards

4.4 Summary Flashcards

1
Q

What was the Nazi Social Policy based on the concept of?

A

A ‘people’s community’ or volksgemeinschaft

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2
Q

What was the first aim of the volksgemeinschaft?

A

1) To create a society where Germany is more important than the individual

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3
Q

What was the second aim of the volksgemeinschaft?

A

2) Fuhrerprincip - Obey Hitler’s word as supreme leader

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4
Q

What was the third aim of the volksgemeinschaft?

A

3) Racial purity

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5
Q

What was the fourth aim of the volksgemeinschaft?

A

4) Preparation for war

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6
Q

What did the ‘people’s community’ or volksgemeinschaft mean?

A
  • The nation would be unified by blood, race and ideology
  • There would be no opposition
  • All ‘national comrades’ would be fit and healthy, loyal to the Fuhrer, show self-discipline and be ready to make personal sacrifices
  • The Nazis aimed to create a new German man and new German woman
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7
Q

What was the starting point for creating the Volksgemeinschaft?

A
  • The starting point for creating the Volksgemeinschaft was Germany’s young people
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8
Q

How were young people to be indoctrinated?

A
  • Young people were to be indoctrinated through the education system and through Nazi youth organisations
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9
Q

In schools, what did nazis remove? Name the law that enforced this

A
  • The Nazis removed teachers who were deemed to be politically unreliable or who were Jewish under the Law for the Re-establishment of a Professional Civil Service (1933)
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10
Q

What did the Nazis place a strong emphasis on in schools?

What did this emphasis reflect?

A
  • Nazis placed a strong emphasis on PE and military drill in schools
  • This reflected the Nazis’ obsession with racial ‘health’ and war
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11
Q

Why was control over the curriculum important?

A
  • Control over the curriculum and issuing new textbooks ensured that schools became a channel for the Nazi indoctrination of youth
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12
Q

What happened to teachers in Universities?

A
  • Teachers who were deemed politically unreliable or who were Jewish were dismissed
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13
Q

What percentage of women had access to available university places?

A
  • 10% of women were limited to the uni places
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14
Q

What percentage of Jews had access to available University place?

A
  • 1.5%
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15
Q

What were University students expected to join? and do?

A
  • University students were expected to join the Students’ League and they were expected to do four months of labour service
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16
Q

What did the Nazis believe the benefit of labour service was for University students?

A
  • Labour service would give students experience of real life, considered by the Nazis to be more important than academic learning
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17
Q

What happened to youth organisation when the Nazis came to power in 1933?

A
  • All other Youth organisation, except those linked to the Catholic Church, were either banned or taken over by the Hitler Youth
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18
Q

What was the significance of banning all other Youth Organisations?

A
  • The Nazi’s own youth movement ‘Hitler Youth’ begins to flourish
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19
Q

When were Catholic Youth Groups banned?

A
  • 1936
20
Q

What was the emphasis of activity in the Hitler Youth?

A
  • Emphasis of activity in the Hitler Youth were on political indoctrination, physical activity and military drill.
21
Q

When was Hitler Youth membership compulsory?

A
  • It was made compulsory in 1939
22
Q

What did the League of German Girls (BDM) prepare girls for?

A
  • prepared girls for their future role as housewives and mothers
23
Q

When was membership of the League of German Girls made compulsory?

A
  • it was made compulsory in 1939
24
Q

In what ways had Nazi policies towards young people been successful?

A
  • The regime had succeeded in bringing schools and universities under their control
  • By 1939, the Hitler Youth and the League of German girls were the only legal youth movements and membership was compulsory
25
Q

In what ways had Nazi policies towards young people fail?

A
  • Attendance at Hitler Youth meetings began to slip after 1936
  • Re-emergence of ‘youth cliques’ indicated that youthful desire for independent activity had not been extinguished
26
Q

Brief sentence of how the Nazi regime established control over the school system

A
  • The Nazi regime established control over the school system in two ways:

control over teachers

control over the curriculum

27
Q

What were teachers pressured into joining? Was their any opposition

A
  • Teachers were pressured into joining the Nationalist Socialist Teachers’ League (NSLB)
  • Most teachers were willing to comply with the regime’s demands
28
Q

What did Historian Joachim Fest claim about the teaching profession?

A

Historian Joachim Fest had claimed that ‘the teaching profession was one of the most politically reliable sections of the population’

29
Q

What happened in German lessons?

A
  • In German lessons, the aim was to install a ‘consciousness of being German’ through the study of Nordic sagas and other traditional stories
30
Q

What happened in Biology lessons?

A
  • There was a stress on race and heredity - strong emphasis on evolution and the survival of the fittest
31
Q

What happened in Geography lessons?

A
  • Geography lessons were used to develop awareness of the concepts of Lebensraum (‘living space’), ‘blood and soil’ and German racial superiority.
  • Atlases implicitly supported the concept of ‘one people, one reich’
32
Q

Did the Nazis encounter resistance to their policies of bringing universities under their control?

A
  • Nazis encountered very little resistance
  • Coordination was made easier by the voluntary self-coordination of many faculties
  • Even in the Weimar period, the universities had been dominated by nationalist and anti-democratic attitudes and traditional student fraternities were a breeding ground for reactionary politics.
33
Q

What were the Nazis able to tap into with Universities? What helped the nazis too?

A
  • They were able to tap into pre-existing culture of extreme nationalism and infuse it with Nazi ideology
  • This was helped by the fact that students were aware that their prospects of employment after higher education depended on showing outward support for the regime.
34
Q

What law in 1936 gave the Hitler Youth Group the status of an official educational movement, equal in status to schools and the home?

A
  • A Law for the incorporation of German Youth
35
Q

What was there a consistent diet of in the Hitler Youth Group?

A
  • There was a consistent diet of political indoctrination and physical activity
36
Q

What was the Hitler Youth Motto?

A
  • Boys from the age of 10 were taught the motto ‘Live faithfully, fight bravely and die laughing’
37
Q

What was the purpose of the youth activities?

A
  • The emphasis on youth activities was on competition, struggle, heroism and leadership, as boys were prepared for their role as warriors
38
Q

What was attractive to millions of German boys that was included in the Hitler Youth group?

A
  • The opportunity to participate in sports and camping trips away from home
39
Q

What did the Hitler Youth group emphasise about qualities?

A
  • Struggle, sacrifice, loyalty and discipline
40
Q

What was the League of German Girls motto? What did it prepare the girls for?

A
  • Be faithful, be pure, be German
  • It prepared girls for their future roles as housewives and mothers in the volksgemeinschaft
41
Q

What were girls taught in the League of German Girls

A
  • They were taught that they had a duty to be healthy since their bodies belonged to the nation
  • instructed on how to be healthy
  • emphasis on gymnastics and formation dancing
  • girls were taught handicrafts, seeing and cooking
42
Q

What were girls taught in the League of German Girls

A
  • They were taught that they had a duty to be healthy since their bodies belonged to the nation
  • instructed on how to be healthy
  • emphasis on gymnastics and formation dancing
  • girls were taught handicrafts, seeing and cooking
43
Q

What were girls opinions of the League of German Girls?

A
  • They found their experiences in the BDM liberating
  • They were doing things that their mothers had not been allowed to do and they could escape from the constraints of home
44
Q

What was expected of girls in 1934?

A
  • Girls were expected to do a year’s work on the land or in domestic service
45
Q

What was the aim of making girls do a years work on land or in domestic service? was it popular?

A
  • Its aim was to put girls in touch with their peasant roots and give them practical experience in child care
  • it was very unpopular with girls from the city and many tried to avoid it
46
Q

When was a year on land or in domestic service made compulsory for girls in the league of German Girls?

A

The scheme became compulsory in 1939

History A Level (8 decks)

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