psych 127b lecture 14

Question 1

schizophrenia statistics

Answer 1

-one percent of the population
-10-15 percent of homeless population
-50 percent have drug addiction
-10 percent die of suicide

Question 2

psychosis

Answer 2

loss of touch with reality

Question 3

what is the difference between schizophrenia and multiple personality disorder

Question 4

what is the clinical description of schizophrenia

Answer 4

-2 or more specific symptoms
-impairment of work, interpersonal relations, caring for oneself
-continuous signs for six months
-rules out schizoaffective disorder, depression, psychotic bipolar
-no other reasons for symptoms

Question 5

negative symptoms

Answer 5

decrease in emotional range, poverty of speech, and loss of interest/drive, avolition

Question 6

positive symptoms

Answer 6

hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior

Question 7

persecutary hallucinations

Answer 7

person believes that their being tormented or targeted

Question 8

referential hallucinations

Answer 8

certain environmental cues directed at them (specifically from media)

Question 9

bizarre hallucinations

Answer 9

implausible hallucinations, doesn’t derive from life experiences

Question 10

catatonic motor behavior

Answer 10

-decrease in reactivity to the environment
-rigid posture and resisting effort to be moved

Question 11

affective flattening

Answer 11

restriction of range in emotional expression

Question 12

alogia

Answer 12

poverty of speech

Question 13

avolition

Answer 13

decrease in goal directed behavior

Question 14

onset of schizophrenia in males

Answer 14

late teens

Question 15

onset of schizophrenia in females

Answer 15

mid twenties

Question 16

prodrome

Answer 16

signs of illness which precede the fully developed illness

Question 17

high risk indications of schizophrenia when combined

Answer 17

poorer social functioning, unusual thought content, high genetic risk with decrease in functioning

Question 18

episodic memory

Answer 18

long term memory regarding events and experiences

Question 19

semantic memory

Answer 19

accumulated knowledge about the world

Question 20

hippocampal and temporal network

Answer 20

involved in long term memory

Question 21

working memory

Answer 21

short term memory for information to complete a short term task

Question 22

what are the two specific genetic risk factors for schizophrenia

Answer 22

cellular signaling changes and structural brain changes

Question 23

phenomenology

Answer 23

study of how different treatments treat different phenotypes/symptoms

Question 24

etiology

Answer 24

study of causes of diseases

Question 25

pathophysiology

Answer 25

study of the biological mechanisms underlying diseases through treatment using drugs

Question 26

differential diagnoses of schizophrenia

Answer 26

mania/depression and substance abuse
-main difference is that psychotic symptoms are usually present in schizophrenia outside of mood episodes/psychosis is not mood congruent

Question 27

thorazine

Answer 27

anti histimine with antipsychotic properties
‘neuroleptic’, causes extreme slowness

Question 28

what causes psychosis

Answer 28

too much dopamine receptor activity specifically on d2 pathways. this activity causes unwanted inhibition of the thalamus.

Question 29

what do antipsychotics do

Answer 29

they block d2 receptors therefore decreasing unwanted inhibition of the thalamus

Question 30

what kind of dopamine activity do we see in the PFC in schizophrenia

Answer 30

too little dopamine (different than too much in striatum)

Question 31

COMT genotype

Answer 31

modulates early cannabis use as a determinant for psychosis

Question 32

typicals

Answer 32

d2 antagonists for schizophrenia
mostly reduces positive symptoms not negative
cognitive slowing
tardive dyskinesia and pseudoparkinsonism

Question 33

atypical antipsychotics

Answer 33

target other receptors, also effective for negative symptoms, diabetes and weight gain incidence