Brief therapies Flashcards

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1
Q

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) focuses on the ________ that contribute to a client’s current symptoms. It’s based on ________ and views depression and other mental disorders as ________, and its primary goals are ________ and ________.

A
  • interpersonal factors
  • the medical model
  • treatable medical illnesses
  • symptom relief
  • improved interpersonal functioning
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2
Q

What are the 3 stages of Interpersonal therapy (IPT)?

A

1) the initial stage: the therapist determines the client’s diagnosis and the interpersonal context of the client’s symptoms.
2) the middle phase: the therapist uses a variety of strategies to address the problem area identified in the initial stage
3) the final stage: the therapist addresses issues related to termination and relapse prevention.

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3
Q

According to practitioners of IPT, depression is associated with which problem areas?

A
  • interpersonal role disputes
  • interpersonal role transitions
  • interpersonal deficits
  • grief
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4
Q

During the intial stage of IPT, clients are assigned ________ in order to allow them to be ill without blaming themselves for their symptoms and to view their illnesses as temporary and treatable.

A

the “sick role”

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5
Q

What are some commonly used strategies in IPT?

A
  • encouragement of affect
  • role-playing
  • communication analysis
  • decision analysis
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6
Q

Solution-focused therapists adopt a ________ and use several types of ________ to help clients identify ________ and ________ that will help them achieve those goals.

A
  • goal-directed collaborative approach
  • questions
  • treatment goals
  • personal strengths and resources
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7
Q

What are the 3 types of questions used by solutions-focused therapists?

A

1) the miracle question
2) exception questions
3) scaling quetions

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8
Q

In solutions-focused therapy, ________ is used to help establish the focus of treatment as the future (rather than the past or present) and identify treatment goals.

A

the miracle question

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9
Q

In solutions-focused therapy, ________ are used to help clients identify times when their problems did not exist or were less intense.

A

Exception questions

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10
Q

In solutions-focused therapy, ________ help clients evaluate their current status or their progress toward achieving their goals.

A

Scaling questions

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11
Q

In solutions-focused therapy, each therapy session is ________ and involves ________, ________, and ________ before the next session.

A
  • structured
  • asking questions
  • providing feedback
  • assigning a task to complete
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12
Q

The transtheoretical model (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983) integrates concepts and strategies from multiple therapeutic approaches and is based on the assumption that ________. It distinguishes between ________ stages of change, and the primary goal of the first five stages is ________.

A
  • strategies are most effective when they match the person’s stage of change
  • six
  • to help the client advance to the next stage
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13
Q

Clients in the precontemplation stage:

A
  • have no intention of taking action to change their behaviors in the next six months
  • may be in denial about their problems
  • may have made multiple unsuccessful attempts to change and believe that change is impossible
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14
Q

Clients in the precontemplation stage may benefit from:

A
  • consciousness raising
  • dramatic relief (experiencing and expressing emotions)
  • environmental reevaluation (examining how the environment affects their behavior)
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15
Q

Clients in the contemplation stage:

A
  • plan to change in the next six months
  • are ambivalent about changing, which may make it difficult for them to transition to the next stage
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16
Q

Clients in the contemplation stage may benefit from:

A

self-reevaluation (evaluating how they feel about the situation)

in addition to the strategies that are useful for individuals in the precontemplation stage

17
Q

Clients in the preparation stage:

A

plan to take action within the next month

18
Q

Clients in the preparation stage may benefit from:

A

strategies that support their decision to change and include:
* self-reevaluation
* self-liberation (believing that change is possible and making a commitment to change).

19
Q

Clients in the action stage are ________. Effective strategies for these individuals include ________, ________, and ________.

A
  • taking action to change their behaviors
  • contingency management
  • stimulus control
  • counterconditioning
20
Q

Clients transition to the maintenance stage when they ________. The primary focus of treatment for individuals in this stage is ________ which involves the same strategies useful for individuals in the action stage.

A
  • have maintained the desired behavior change for six months
  • relapse prevention
21
Q

According to the transtheoretical model, motivation to change is affected by which 3 factors?

A

1) decisional balance
2) self-efficacy
3) temptation

22
Q

Decisional balance is ________ and is most important as a determinant of motivation during the ________ stage.

A
  • the strength of the person’s beliefs about the pros and cons of changing
  • contemplation
23
Q

Self-efficacy refers to the ________. It’s an important determinant of whether a person transitions from the ________ stage and then from the ________ stage.

A
  • confidence the person has about his/her ability to change and avoid relapse
  • contemplation to the preparation
  • preparation to the action
24
Q

Temptation is ________ and is usually strongest during the ________.

A
  • the intensity of the urge to engage in the undesirable behavior
  • first few stages of change
25
Q

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is considered most useful for people in ________ stage of change.

A

precontemplation or contemplation stage

26
Q

What are the primary techiques of motivational interviewing?

A
  • expressing empathy
  • supporting self-efficacy
  • developing a discrepancy (helping clients see the difference between their behaviors and goals)
  • rolling with resistance (decreasing client resistance by avoiding arguments and power struggles)
27
Q

A distinctive characteristic of motivational interviewing is the use of ________, ________, ________, and other strategies to elicit and reinforce a client’s ________ – i.e., statements that move the client toward making positive changes in behavior.

A
  • questions
  • reflections
  • affirmations
  • “change talk”
28
Q

Despite their differences, the brief psychodynamic psychotherapies share several characteristics:

A

1) assume that change can occur during a brief therapeutic process

2) agree that therapy should have limited goals that are identified and agreed upon by the client and therapist during the initial sessions of therapy

3) practitioners of these therapies believe they are appropriate for only certain types of clients (e.g., clients who can benefit from insight-oriented therapy and are able to form a therapeutic alliance)

4) practitioners adopt an active role from the beginning of therapy to quickly establish a therapeutic alliance

5) emphasize the development of positive (versus negative) transference and may rely more on exploration or education than on interpretation

6) practitioners address loss, separation, and other concerns related to termination of therapy early in treatment