Nutrition and Optimal Health

Question 1

Causes of Mortality in US

Answer 1

1. Heart rate
2. cancer
3. covid

Question 2

primary dietary determinant of serum cholesterol is the quantity and type of dietary fat consumed:

Answer 2

saturated fat (meat, diary)
monounsaturated fat (plant oils, nut, seeds)
polyunsaturated fat (plant oils and seeds)
trans fat

Question 3

saturated fat raises

Answer 3

TC, LDL-C

Question 4

monounsaturated fat lowers

Answer 4

TC, LDL-C, maintains/increases HDL-C

Question 5

polyunsaturated fat lowers

Answer 5

TC, LDL-C, HDL-C

Question 6

omega 3 fatty acids reduces

Answer 6

TG, decreases arrhythmias

Question 7

Dietary carcinogens

Answer 7

naturally occurring
myocotoxins
food preparation

Question 8

Naturally occurring dietary carcinogens

Answer 8

safrole (nutmeg, mace, pepper, cinnamon)
hydrazines (mushrooms)
alkaloids (comfrey)
caffeic acid (apples, pears, plums, cherries)
furocoumarins (carrots, parsnips, celery, parsley)

Question 9

Mycotoxins dietary carcinogens

Answer 9

aflatoxin (moldy cereal, nuts, and seeds)
- liver cancer

Question 10

Food preparation dietary carcinogens

Answer 10

Heterocyclic amines
- frying, grilling, charring of high protein foods
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- meat or fish cooked over open flame
N-nitroso compounds
- smoked/cured meats and fish, salted and pickled vegetables
-formed in mouth stomach
-endogenous formation can be inhibited by vitamin C

Question 11

Role of Diet in the Prevention of Cancer

Answer 11

Phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables

Question 12

Osteoporosis

Answer 12

women are more susceptible bc lose of bone density after menopause

Question 13

Role of diet in prevention of osteoporosis

Answer 13

adequate intake of Ca and vitamin D throughout lifecycle is essential for prevention of osteoporosis

Question 14

Folate exists in nature as a

Answer 14

polyglutamate
humans can absorb ONLY the monoglutamate form
thus, polyglutamate is hydrolyzed to monoglutamte prior to absorption