Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1 Ophthalmology > Ocular manifestations of systemic disease > Flashcards

Ocular manifestations of systemic disease Flashcards

1
Q

List three ocular manifestations in systemic disease

A

diabetes
cancer
hypertension
rheumatological conditions
neuro conditions
thyroid disease
genetic disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List three effects of diabetes on the eye

A

Increased susceptibility to infection (e.g. cellulitis)
Dry eyes and keratitis
Anterior uveitis
Cataract
Diabetic papillitis
Diabetic retinopathy
Cranial nerve palsies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List three features of diabetic retinopathy

A

Microaneurysms
Blot/ dot haemorrhages
Hard exudates
Cotton-wool spots
New vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which type of diabetic retinopathy can result in vitreous haemorrhage?

A

proliferative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Discuss the mechanism by which proliferative retinopathy results in vitreous haemorrhage

A

Retinal ischaemia causes release of angiogenic growth factors such as VEGF

Stimulates development of new blood vessels to bypass damaged blood vessels – NEOVASCULARISATION

New vessels are fragile, leaky, and misdirected

Can result in vitreous haemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes cotton wool spots in diabetic retinopathy?

A

damage to nerve fibres of the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the composition of the macula?

A

high density of cones- high acuity vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Damage to the macula will result in which type of vision loss?

A

central vision loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two categories of diabetic retinopathy?

A

non proliferative and proliferative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name a feature of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

neovasculrisation
vitreous haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name a feature of diabetic maculopathy?

A

macular oedema
ischaemic maculopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List two complications of diabetic retinopathy

A

Retinal detachment
Vitreous haemorrhage (bleeding in to the vitreous humour)
Rebeosis iridis (new blood vessel formation in the iris)
Optic neuropathy
Cataracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List two aspects of diabetic retinopathy management

A

Laser photocoagulation
Anti-VEGF medications such as ranibizumab and bevacizumab
Vitreoretinal surgery (keyhole surgery on the eye) may be required in severe disease
Good glycaemic control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes hard exudates to form?

A

damaged vessels leaking lipids into the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Silver/copper wiring is a feature of which ocular condition?

A

hypertensive retinopathy

where the walls of the arterioles become thickened and sclerosed causing increased reflection of the light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List two features of hypertensive retinopathy

A

Cotton wool spots
Arteriovenous nipping
Retinal haemorrhages
Papilloedema
Hard exudates

17
Q

Name the classification for hypertensive retinopathy

A

Keith-Wagner classification

18
Q

What is a feature of stage 4 in the Keith-Wagener classification? (worst stage)

A

papilloedema

19
Q

Name three rheumatological conditions in which there are ocular manifestations

A

sjorgen’s syndrome
juvenile idiopathic arthritis
HLA-B27 disease
RA
Giant cell arteritis
GPA

20
Q

WHat is the ocular manifestation in sjorgen’s?

A

dry eyes

21
Q

What is the ocular manifestation in juvenile arthritis?

A

uveitis

22
Q

What is the ocular manifestation in HLAB27 disease?

A

anterior uveitis

23
Q

What is the ocular manifestation in RA?

A

scleritis

24
Q

What is the ocular manifestation in Giant cell arteritis?

A

ischaemic optic neuropathy
cranial nerve palsies

25
Q

Is anterior uveitis painful?

A

mildly painful, painful when looking at light due to inflammation of the iris

26
Q

Name two ocular features of raid intracranial pressure

A

swollen optic nerves
enlarged blind spots

27
Q

List three ocular features of optic neuritis

A

Decreased vision
Reduced colour vision (red desaturation)
Pain on eye movement
Enlarged blind spot
RAPD
nystagmus
uveitis

28
Q

What is the treatment of scleritis?

A

oral steroids

29
Q

List three features of giant cell arteritis/temporal arteritis

A

Headache
Scalp tenderness
Jaw Claudication
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Acute visual loss
Ischaemic optic neuropathy
Artery occlusions
Cranial nerve palsy

30
Q

List two features of thyroid eye disease

A

Swelling of lids
Chemosis (oedema) of conjunctiva
Exposure of cornea (loss of blink, lid retraction)
Pronounced exophthalmos / proptosis
Restricted eye movements
Optic Neuropathy

31
Q

Name two investigations for papilloedema

A

CT
Lumbar puncture
venogram?

32
Q

What must you note in LP for assessing papilloedema

A

opening pressure- cmH20

33
Q

Name a connective tissue disorder that results in ocular manifestations

A

Marfan’s syndrome

34
Q

Name one ocular feature of Marfan’s syndrome

A

Retinal detachment
Disclocated lens

1 Ophthalmology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions