general foreign policy

Question 1

aims of foreign policy

Answer 1

defensive relations (peace over war)
national security
recognition of Tudor dynasty
secure throne
international recognition
prosperity in England
prestige
keep costs down

Question 2

France

Answer 2

Strongest power in Europe
Involved in various European conflicts
Annexed Brittany, Burgundy and Navarre
Ruled by Charles VIII of Valois family

Question 3

Spain

Answer 3

Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille married in 1469 and held the kingdom until 1479
For a time, a stable country
Fought wars to expand their territory against the Muslims and the French

Question 4

The Holy Roman Empire

Answer 4

loose federation of German, Italian and French speaking countries
emperor was elected by 3 archbishops and 4 princes
no government
Hapsburg dynasty was the largest part
A number of Hapsburg-Valois conflicts took place

Question 5

The Duchy of Burgundy

Answer 5

Passed to the Hapsburgs in 1477
Modern Belgium + Netherlands
Focus of the Hapsburg-Valois conflicts
Margaret of burgundy was a problem : she was committed to pursuing Yorkist interest in England

Question 6

The Italian states (including Papal states)

Answer 6

Focus of wealth and trade in Europe
Key states : Florence, Milan and Venice

Question 7

Brittany

Answer 7

where henry stayed during his exile
France wanted to annex Brittany
Henry was indebted to Brittany but did not want to anger France and its king
Eventually the treaty of Étaples is made between between Charles VIII and Henry VII in November 1492

Question 8

Scotland

Answer 8

Civil war in Scotland, James killed (1488)
Scots sheltered Yorkists and Perkin Warbeck arrived to Scottish court in 1495
Warbeck is later captured and beheaded (1499)
Marriage of James and Elizabeth (1503)
Poor relations after 1509 (henry’s death)

Question 9

Ireland

Answer 9

English power did not really extend beyond the ‘pale’
Had to rely on magnates (powerful lords)
Pretenders lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck attempted to take refuge in Ireland
Eventually Ireland under Kildare caused little trouble for the rest of Henry’s reign

Question 10

Where did England stand?

Answer 10

Middle ranking power
Not as strong as France, Spain, holy roman empire or Hapsburg dynasty
Was mainly concerned about Scotland due to only being separated by a border
Had no ‘career diplomats’
Was tangled up in European problems