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Anatomia > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 12 cranial nerves

A
  1. Nn. Olfactorii
  2. N. Opticus
  3. N. Oculomotorius
  4. N. Trochlearis
  5. N. Trigeminus
  6. N. Abducens
  7. N. Facialis
  8. N. Vestibulocochlearis
  9. N. Glossopharyngealis
  10. N. Vagus
  11. N. Accessorius
  12. N. Hypoglossalis
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2
Q

Nervi Olfactorii

A

> Sensory
From olfactory bulb in telencephalon
Scent information to brain
Goes through Foramen cribriform of ethmoid bone
Branches
- N. Terminalis: From vomeronasal organ till
accessory olfactory bulb
- N. Vomeronasalis: from vomeronasal organ till
accessory olfactory bulb

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3
Q

Nervus Opticus

A

> Sensory
Visual information from photoreceptors through the optic canal to thalamic nuclei in interbrain
From optic chiasm of interbrain
To cerebral cortex in occipital lobe

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4
Q

Nervus oculomotorius

A

> Motor & parasympathetic sensory
motor: supplies Recti, oblique & levator muscles
of eye
parasympathetic: sphincter pupillae & Ciliary
muscles of eye.
Controls most of eye’s movements
Passes through foramen orbitorotundum/ Fissura orbitalis
Branches
- Ramus dorsalis
- Ramus ventralis

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5
Q

Nervus trochlearis

A

> Motor
Innervates dorsal oblique muscle of eye
From tegmentum of midbrain
Passes through foramen orbitorotundum/Fissura orbitalis

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6
Q

Nervus trigeminus

A

> Motor and sensory
Fibres arise from medulla oblongata (motor) and pons (sensory)
Sympathetic fibres regulate the functioning of
muscles of pupil and eyeball
Branches
- N. Ophthalmicus
- N. Maxillaris
- N. Mandibularis

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7
Q

What three branches does cranial nerve 5 have

A

Cranial nerve 5 (Trigeminus)
1. N. Opthalmicus
2. N. Maxillaris
3. N. Mandibularis

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8
Q

N. Trigeminus: Nervus mandibularis

A

> Sensory and motor
goes through foramen lacerum (Eq +su) or Foramen ovale (car, ru)
Branches
-Ramus Meningeus: cerebral meninges
- N. Masticatorius
- N. Pterygoideus lateralis et medialis:
Pterygoid muscles and middle ear
- N. Buccalis: m. buccalis (?)
- N. Auriculotemporalis: skin in temporal area,
parotid gland + external and middle ear
- N. Lingualis: Whole tongue, mucosal layer of
floor of mouth, pharynx and sublinqual salivary
glands and mandibular gland
- N. Mentalis: Lower labial structures
-N. Alveolaris inferior: muscles of floor of mouth,
lower teeth and gums, skin of mandible and lip.

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9
Q

What are the 6 branches of N. Mandibularis?

A
  1. Ramus meningeus
  2. N. Masticatorius
  3. N. Pterygoideus lateralis et medialis
  4. N. Buccalis
  5. N. Auriculotemporalis
  6. N. Lingualis
  7. N. Mentalis
  8. N. Alveolaris inferior
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10
Q

N. Trigeminus: N. Maxillaris

A

> Sensory
Supplies cheek, nares, upper teeth, gums, nasal mucosa, sinuses, meninges
goes through fissura orbitalis/foramen orbitorotundum
Branches
-Ramus meningeus: narrow area of meninges
- N. Zygomaticus: lower eyelid, skin surrounding
it and conjunctiva (absent in cats)
- N. Pterygopalatinus: And innervates palate and
nasal cavity via foramen sphenopalatina
- N. Infraorbitalis: Innervates nose, upper lip,
upper molars , alveoli and gums

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11
Q

N. Trigeminus: N. Opthalmicus

A

> Sensory
Goes through fissura orbitalis/foramen orbitorotundum
Branches
- N. Lacrimalis: innervates lacrimal gland and in
(bo) horns
- N. Frontalis: medial angle of eye, superior eyelid,
frontal skin and sinus
- N. Nasociliaris
- Ramus meningeus

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12
Q

What 4 branches does N. Ophthalmicus have

A
  1. N. Lacrimales
  2. N. Frontalis
  3. N. Nasociliaris
  4. Ramus meninges
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13
Q

Nervus Abducens

A

> Motor
Supplies lateral rectus muscle and retractor bulbi of eye
From Pons/Medulla oblongata
Goes through fissura orbitalis/Foramen orbitorotundum

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14
Q

Nervus facialis

A

> Motor and Sensory
Supplies muscles of face, tongue, glands, eye and ear
From pons/medulla oblongata
Goes through Porus acusticus internus into meatus acusticus internus with N. vestibularis, and alone through foramen stylomastoideum and Canalis nervus facialis.
Branches
- N. Petrosus major
- N. Stapedius: stapedial muscles in middle ear
- N. Auricularis caudalis: Auricular muscles + skin
of auricle
- N. Auriculopalpebralis: rostral auricular muscles
and orbicular muscles of eye

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15
Q

What are the 4 branches of the 7th cranial nerve

A

N. Facialis (7)
1. N. Petrosus major
2. N. Stapedius
3. N. Auricularis caudalis
4. N. Auriculopalpebralis

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16
Q

Nervus Vestibulocochlearis

A

> Sensory
Sound and balance info from inner ear to brain
From pons/medulla oblongata
goes through porus acusticus internus and meatus acusticus internus
Branches
- N. Vestibularis: goes to internal ear
- N. Cochlearis: goes to spiral ganglion in cochlear
modiolus

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17
Q

What two branches does the 8th cranial nerve have

A

N. Vestibulocochlearis (8)
1. N. Vestibularis
2. N. Cochlearis

18
Q

Nervus Glossopharyngeus

A

> Sensory, motor & parasympathetic
From medulla oblongata
Goes through foramen jugulare (ru, car) /Foramen lacerum (su, eq)
Branches
- Ramus Lingualis: Root of tongue, gustatory
papillae, soft palate and mucosal layer of oral
cavity and pharynx
- Ramus Pharyngeus: Pharyngeal muscles and
salivary glands
- N. Tympanicus: Whole middle ear

19
Q

What 3 branches does the 9th cranial nerve have

A

N. Glossopharyngeus (9)
1. N. Lingualis
>Tongue, soft palate, oral cavity
2. N. Pharyngeus
>Pharyngeal muscles, salivary
gland
3. N. Tympanicus
>Middle ear

20
Q

Nervus Vagus

A

> Autonomic, sensory, motor & parasympathetic
Informs the state of body’s organs to CNS
From Medulla oblongata
Goes through foramen jugulare/Foramen lacerum
Branches
- N. Laryngeus cranialis et caudalis
- N. Laryngeus recurrens
- Ramus meningeus-, auricularis-,
pharyngei-, cardiaci-, bronchales-,
esophagei- et atriales ruminis + Truncus vagalis dorsalis et ventralis

21
Q

How does vagal nerve “travel” in the body? from where to where

A
  1. From medulla oblongata -
  2. Through foramen jugulare/ Foramen lacerum -
  3. Exits cranial cavity -
  4. Goes alongside trachea with truncus
    sympatheticus forming the truncus
    vagosympatheticus.
  5. Enters mediastinum individually above the
    cranial thoracic aperture
  6. Located on both sides of esophagus behind
    heart
  7. Goes through diaphragm and lastly
  8. Proceeds to abdominal cavity
22
Q

What 12 (sort of) branches does the 10th cranial nerve have

A
  1. N. Laryngeus cranialis:
    >Laryngeal mucosal layer and cricothyroid
    muscle
  2. N. Laryngeus caudalis:
  3. N. Laryngeus recurrens:
    >Near cardiac base, goes around aorta
    proceeds cranially to larynx along trachea
    >Mucosal layer and muscles of larynx, pharynx,
    and esophagus.
  4. Ramus meningeus:
    >Cerebral meninges
  5. Ramus auricularis:
    >Skin on internal surface of auricle
  6. Ramus pharyngei:
    >Pharyngeal mucosal layer and muscles
  7. Ramus cardiaci:
    >Affect the functioning of heart
  8. Ramus bronchales:
    >Lungs and bronchi
  9. Ramus oesophagei:
    >Esophagus
  10. Ramus atriales ruminis:
    >all parts of the complex stomach
  11. Truncus vagalis dorsalis:
    >Internal surface of stomach, celiac branches +
    renal branches, kidneys and adrenal glands
  12. Truncus vagalis ventralis:
    >Surface of gastric wall, pyloric branc, duodenal beanches and hepatic branches
23
Q

Nervus Accessorius

A

> Motor
From medulla oblongata, with spinal roots at cranial part of spinal cord.
Goes through foramen jugulare/Foramen lacerum
Branches
- Ramus internus: communicates with vagal nerve
- Ramus externus: Trapezius, sternocephalicus
and brachiocephalicus

24
Q

Nervus Hypoglossus

A

> Motor
From medulla oblongata
Innervates tongue, thyroid muscle, geniohyoid muscle and controls swallowing
In eq, passes through guttural pouch
Goes through Canalis nervi hypoglossi

25
Q

Which 4 cranial nerves are parasympathetic

A
  1. N. Oculomotorius (III)
  2. N. Facialis (VII)
  3. N. Glossopharyngeus (IX)
  4. N. Vagus (X)
26
Q

Which 5 cranial nerves innervate the tongue

A
  1. N. Trigeminus
    >N. Mandibularis & N. Lingualis
  2. N. Facialis
  3. N. Glossopharyngeus
  4. N. Vagus
  5. N. Hypoglossus
27
Q

What 5 cranial nerves and their branches innervate the ear (all in all 14)

A
  1. N. Trigeminus
    >N. Mandibularis
    >N. Auriculotemporalis
  2. N. Facialis
    >N. Stapedius
    >N. Auricularis caudalis
    >N. Auriculopalpebralis
  3. N. Vestibulocochlearis
    >N. Vestibularis
    >N. Cochlearis
  4. N. Vagus
    >N. Tympanicus
  5. N. Glossopharyngeus
    >N. Auricularis
28
Q

What 6 cranial nerves and their branches innervate the eyes (all in all 8)

A
  1. N. Opticus
  2. N. Oculomotorius
  3. N. Trochlearis
  4. N. Trigeminus
    >N. Ophthalmicus
    >N. Maxillaris
  5. N. Abducens
  6. N. Facialis
29
Q

What foramens / canals does the 1st cranial nerve go through?

A

The Olfactory nerve goes through Foramen Cribform of the ethmoid bone

30
Q

What foramens / canals does the 2nd cranial nerve go through?

A

The Optic nerve goes through Foramen nervus opticus - the optic canal

31
Q

What foramens / canals does the 3rd cranial nerve go through?

A

The Oculomotor nerve goes through Foramen Orbitorotundum / Fissura orbitalis

32
Q

What foramens / canals does the 4th cranial nerve go through?

A

The Trochlear nerve goes through Foramen orbitorotundum / Fissura orbitalis

33
Q

What foramens / canals does the 5th cranial nerve go through? (more specifically, the 3 main branches)

A

The 3 branches of Trigeminal nerve:
>Ophthalmic nerve: Foramen orbitorotundum / Fissura
orbitalis
>Maxillary nerve: Foramen orbitorotundum / Fissura orbitalis
>Mandibular nerve: Foramen Lacerum / Foramen ovale

34
Q

What foramens / canals does the 6th cranial nerve go through?

A

The Abducent nerve goes through Fissura orbitalis / Foramen orbitorotundum

35
Q

What foramens / canals does the 7th cranial nerve go through?

A

The facial nerve goes through Porus acusticus internus, Foramen stylomastoideum & canalis nervus facialis

36
Q

What foramens / canals does the 8th cranial nerve go through?

A

The Vestibulocochlear nerve goes through Porus acusticus internus

37
Q

What foramens / canals does the 9th cranial nerve go through?

A

The Glossopharyngeal nerve goes through Foramen jugulare / Foramen lacerum

38
Q

What foramens / canals does the 10th cranial nerve go through?

A

The Vagal nerve goes through Foramen jugulare / Foramen lacerum

39
Q

What foramens / canals does the 11th cranial nerve go through?

A

The Accessory nerve goes through foramen jugulare/ Foramen lacerum

40
Q

What foramens / canals does the 12th cranial nerve go through?

A

The hypoglossal nerve goes through Canalis nervi hypoglossi

Anatomia (10 decks)

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