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Sociology - Families > Theories of the Family - Postmodernism > Flashcards

Theories of the Family - Postmodernism Flashcards

1
Q

Lyotard and Bourdrillard belief about contemporary society

A

It’s rapidly changing and full of uncertainties

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2
Q

What does postmodernism place important on which is different to other perspectives?

A

How Individuals affect institutions. All other theories are about how institutions affect individuals

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3
Q

Individuals are no longer constrained by what?

A

Social structures rejecting ideas about traditional family

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4
Q

What are 2 key features of postmodern society?

A

Diversity and consumer choice

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5
Q

What do people no longer feel bound by according to Beck-Gernsheim and Stacey?

A

People no longer feel bound by traditional ideas and expectations

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6
Q

What is reflected by rising divorce rates, cohabitation and births outside of marriage?

A

People are adopting new lifestyles and ways of relating to one another

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7
Q

What do postmodernists believe people do with relationships?

A

People ‘mix and match’ relationships

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8
Q

Diversity and fragmentation

A

Society is increasingly fragmented as people can ‘mix and match’, creating their identities and lifestyles from range of choices

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9
Q

What makes life less predictable?

A

Rapid social change

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10
Q

Family is less stable. What does this give individuals?

A

More choice about their personal relationships

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11
Q

What do Rhona and Rapoport believe about diversity?

A

It’s of central importance in understanding family life

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12
Q

What does family diversity reflect?

A

Greater freedom of choice and acceptance of different cultures

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13
Q

5 types of family diversity in Britain today

A
  1. Organisational diversity
  2. Cultural diversity
  3. Social class diversity
  4. Life-stage diversity
  5. Generational diversity
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14
Q

What does Cheal believe society has entered?

A

A new, chaotic, postmodern stage

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15
Q

Why does Cheal think family structures have become fragmented?

A

Because individuals have much more choice

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16
Q

What does greater diversity and choice lead to according to Cheal?

A

Greater risk of instability resulting in more break ups

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17
Q

What does Stacey believe about families in western societies?

A

They are varied, constantly changing and tend to lack a fixed shape, form or structure

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18
Q

What has the emergence of postmodern families distorted according to Stacey?

A

Whole idea that family progresses through series of logical stages

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19
Q

Why must social attitudes and policies have to adjust to diversity according to Stacey?

A

Because it is permanent

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20
Q

What families played crucial role in changes in family life according to Stacey?

A

Gay and Lesbian familiesm

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21
Q

What have gay and lesbian couple increasingly asserted according to Stacey?

A

Right to claim aspects of more conventional family relationships

22
Q

What does Stacey believe about children in gay or lesbian families?

A

They are less likely to be hostile and more likely to try homosexual relationships for themselves

23
Q

What do gay and lesbian families discourage and allow according to Stacey?

A

Discourage intolerance and allows people more freedom to explore sexuality

24
Q

What society do we live in according to Beck?

A

A ‘risk society’ where tradition has less influence and people have more choice

25
Q

Benefits of traditional family although it was unequal and oppressive?

A

Provided stable and predictable basis for family life

26
Q

What is the personal life perspective strongly influenced by?

A

Interactionist ideas

27
Q

Interactionalist ideas

A

Try’s to understand why individuals behave like they do

28
Q

What does personal life perspective argue?

A

To understand families, we must start from the point of view of the individuals concerned and the meanings they give to their relationship

29
Q

What view does personal life perspective take on relationships?

A

Wider view than just traditional family relationships

30
Q

How does the personal life perspective draw our attention to a range of other personal or intimate relationships?

A

By focusing on peoples meanings

31
Q

What different relationships than family may give people sense of belonging, identity and relatedness?

A

-Relationships with friends
-Fictive kin (treating friends like relatives)
-Relationships with dead relatives
-Relationships with pets

32
Q

What does Nordqvist and Smart’s study of what counts as family when child shares genetic construct of stranger help us understand?

A

How people construct and define their relationships as family

33
Q

What does personal life perspective reject?

A

Top down view of other perspectives

34
Q

What does the personal life perspective reinforce?

A

Relatedness isn’t always positive

35
Q

Personal life perspective criticised as too what?

A

Broad

36
Q

What have recent decades family and marriage been transformed by according to Giddens?

A

A greater choice and more equal relationships

37
Q

What has contraception allowed according to Giddens?

A

Allowed sex and intimacy to become main reason for relationship

38
Q

What have women gained according to Giddens?

A

Independence

39
Q

What are relationships now based on according to Giddens?

A

Individual choice and equality

40
Q

Pure relationship

A

Typical of todays late modern society where relationships are no longer bound by traditional norms

41
Q

What do relationships become with more choice according to Giddens?

A

Less stable

42
Q

What does individualisation thesis argue according to Beck?

A

That traditional social structures such as class, gender and family have lost much of their influence over us

43
Q

What were peoples lives defined by in the past according to Beck?

A

Fixed roles

44
Q

What does love offer?

A

‘Emotional base’ and ‘security system’

45
Q

What does individualisation thesis ignore importance of?

A

Structural factors

46
Q

What does individualisation thesis exaggerate?

A

How much choice

47
Q

What is the connectedness thesis an alternative to?

A

The individualisation thesis

48
Q

What does the connectedness thesis see us as?

A

Disembedded, isolated individuals with limitless choice about personal relationships

49
Q

What does Smart believe about connectedness thesis?

A

We are fundamentally social beings whose choices are always “within a web of connectedness”

50
Q

What do class and gender limit?

A

Our choices about what kinds of relationships, identities and families we can create for ourselves

51
Q

What does personal life perspective emphasise?

A

Importance of social structures in shaping freedoms many people have

Sociology - Families (27 decks)

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