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1
Q

four types of evidence that indicate africa is mother continent

A

fossil, genetic, linguistic, archaeologicial

2
Q

humans have different ethnicities

distinguished from one another by ___ (3)

A

language,

culture, and nationality

3
Q

Baobab

A

African trees from the genus Adansonia; major

symbol of the West African Sahel

4
Q

__

affects African climates more than any other factor

A

rainfall (or its absence)

5
Q

describe climate zones in africa

A

wet tropical zone along equator; gets drier as you move to the north or to the south. large deserts in the interior of northern and southern africa. coastal regions that get
proportionately more rainfall than adjacent regions
in the interior

6
Q

describe climate of east african coast

A

the

climate is isolated from the rest of Africa by a mountainous ridge and is most influenced by weather in the indian ocean

7
Q

One of the most interesting features of climate

change in Africa over the millennia has been __, which over time led to __(4)

A

the
contraction and expansion of the Sahara Desert; innovations in
food production, new forms of irrigation, migratory
movements, and the formation of centralized states
along the Nile River and the Niger River to address
the problems of increasingly dense populations

8
Q

pastoralists

A

animal herders

9
Q

Africa is the world’s __ largest continent

__ square miles

A

2nd; 11.7 million

10
Q

the continent of afirca is mostly a __ with over __ of coastline and __ countries

A

plateau; 16,000 mi; 54

11
Q

africa contains about __ of the world’s landmass. some __percent of africa is __percent and __ is forest. __ united states, __, can fit on the african continent

A

20 percent of world’s landmass.
20 percent desert, 15 percent rainforest.
three U.S.s

12
Q

the __ river, which begins __ of the equator and flows __ward, is __ long and is [ most ]

A

nile; south; northward; 4160 mi; world’s longest river

13
Q

africa is larger than (4) combined

A

U.S., china, europe, india

14
Q

since africa was so large, __

A

control over people, rather than land, was the basis for power and wealth

15
Q

slash n burn farming

A

relied more on land than labor. cleared new land with fire –instead of applying fertilizer or rotating crops – to restore productivity on existing farms

16
Q

low-labor farming methods enabled

A

even single families to be self-sufficient, so there was less pressure to form larger groups than in places where land was more limited

17
Q

the nile flows from __ to __

A

central africa to mediterranean sea

18
Q

congo-zaire river: length, length rank, location

A

2,718 mi. world’s tenth longest. central africa to atlantic ocean

19
Q

niger river: length, location

A

2,600 mi. west africa to atlantic ocean

20
Q

zambezi river: length, location

A

1,800 mi. central africa to indian ocean

21
Q

As a consequence of ___, the largest
African populations developed in the interior, and
the coast remained sparsely populated until the Europeans
arrived.

A

only interior sections of most african rivers were navigable for long distances. navigation to coast was impossible b/c cataracts

22
Q

the niger river is navigable for __ mi

A

1,000. phildelphia –> chicago

23
Q

although the continent is basically flat, there’s

A

a long stretch of mountains and plateaus high in eastern africa, which was formed by the collision of 2 tectonic plates, and a few older mountain ranges in western africa that are mostly of volcanic origin

24
Q

The name “Africa” has not always been used to
refer to the continent of Africa. The name was initially
used limitedly to refer to ___. how then did “africa” end up applying to the entire continent?

A

Roman North Africa
after the fall of Carthage in 146 bce. The Arab conquerors
of the seventh century referred to the same region as “Ifriqiya.” Subsequently, the name “Africa” was applied to the entire continent during and after the voyages of exploration in the 15th century by the Portuguese and other Europeans.

25
Q

how many ethnic groups across africa

A

3000

26
Q

Hausa

A

the largest West African Muslim ethnic group;

live across the Sahel from Ghana to Sudan

27
Q

Yoruba

A

the major Nigerian ethnic group that
participated in the transatlantic slave trade; created
the Oyo kingdom in southwestern Nigeria

28
Q

Igbo

A

majority ethnic group in the region that declared

independence from Nigeria as the country Biafra

29
Q

Mande

A

the language group of about 30 million people

spread across thirteen West African countries

30
Q

Akan (2 things)

A

one of three West African gold fields located in
the forest and savanna of present-day Ghana; the other
two are Bambuk and Bure; also a language group

31
Q

Fula

A

the major ethnic group and language of West

Africa

32
Q

only [ ethnic group ] are concentrated largely within a single african country

A

Igbo