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heme/onc > high yield leukemia (big ideas) > Flashcards

high yield leukemia (big ideas) Flashcards

1
Q

difference between how acute vs chronic leukemias present in clinic

A

acute will likely be sick and symptomatic
chronic likely has mild or no symptoms

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2
Q

patient presentation between AML and ALL

A

AML typically over 60 yo
ALL is #1 leukemia in kids

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3
Q

patient presentation diff between CML and CLL

A

CLL tends to be 70+ yo

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4
Q

which leukemia has auer rods?

A

AML

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5
Q

which leukemia has philly chromosme?

A

CML

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6
Q

which leukemia has smudge cells on smear?

A

CLL

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7
Q

which leukemia isn’t treated if asymptomatic and common in older ppl?

A

CLL

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8
Q

which of the leukemias is also a myeloproliferative d/o?

A

CML

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9
Q

which chronic leukemia will have hepatosplenomegaly?

A

CML

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10
Q

which chronic leukemia will have lymphadenopathy

A

CLL

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11
Q

which chronic leukemia involves increased granulocytes

A

CML

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12
Q

2 general treatments for all leukemias

A

maintain counts w/ transfusions
tx/prevent infections

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13
Q

tx of both acute leukemias

A

chemo
BMT

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14
Q

tx of CML

A

chemo
TKI
BMT

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15
Q

tx of CLL

A

don’t treat if asymptomatic

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16
Q

AML vs ALL on blood smear

A

AML– myeloblasts & auer rods
ALL– lymphoblasts & glycogen granules

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17
Q

what are lytic lesions on xray indicative of?

A

multiple myeloma
will also have bony pain and increased plasma cells

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18
Q

high calcium, increased plasma cells and bony pain is indicative of?

A

multiple myeloma

19
Q

SPEP is a confirmatory test for…

A

multiple myeloma

20
Q

which condition will ALWAYS have Jak 2 mutation?

A

polycythemia vera

21
Q

expected Hg, Hct levels with polycythemia vera?

A

both are high
WBC and platelets normal!

22
Q

2nd most common heme malignancy

A

multiple myeloma

23
Q

disease of plasma cell malignancy

A

multiple myeloma

24
Q

4 generalized sx & 1 specific sx to multiple myeloma

A

fever, wt loss, night sweats
bone pain

25
Q

CRAB stands for?
it is diagnostic criteria for?

A

calcium elevated, renal insufficiency, anemia, bony lesions
multiple myeloma

26
Q

tx for multiple myeloma

A

stem cell transplant
triple therapy (steroid, Proteasome inhibitor, immunmodulator)

27
Q

what is needed for definitive diagnosis of multiple myeloma

A

plasmacytosis (clonal plasma cell) >10% via marrow aspiration

28
Q

term for disorders of proliferation w/ differentiation

A

myeloproliferative d/o

29
Q

myeloproliferative d/o of too many WBC

A

CML

30
Q

myeloproliferative d/o of too many RBCs (high Hct,Hg)

A

polycythemia vera

31
Q

myeloproliferative d/o of too many platelets

A

essential thrombocythemia (ET)

32
Q

myeloproliferative d/o of too many stromal tissue

A

myelofibrosis

33
Q

how do you tx polycythemia vera (3)

A

1 reduce Hct w/ phlebotomy

hydroxyurea
thrombosis prevention

34
Q

3 disorders that cause cause high platelets

A

essential thrombocytopenia
iron deficiency
inflammation

35
Q

tx of essential thrombocytopenia (ET) (2)

A

reduce platelet count w/ hydroxyurea
thrombosis prevention

36
Q

which d/o would have massive splenomegaly w/ teardrop on blood smear?

A

myelofibrosis

37
Q

out of the myeloproliferative d/o, which have the worst prognosis?

A

myelofibrosis

38
Q

how is myelofibrosis tx?

A

address blood counts w/ transfusions, hydroxyurea, etc
stem cell transplant

39
Q

dimorphic cells or abnormal morphology cells on smear is indicative of what?

A

MDS

40
Q

how is aplastic anemia different from MDS?

A

they both cause pancytopenia but aplastic anemia won’t have abnormal cell morphology or chromosomal abnormalities
aplastic anemia usually has a trigger

41
Q

causes of secondary polycythemia

A

hypoxia
dehydration
sleep apnea
smoking
tumors that secrete erythropoietin

42
Q

3 clinical features of ET

A

abnormal clotting
abnormal bleeding
erythromelalgia (burning sensation in hands)

43
Q

etiology of CML vs CLL

A

CML– too many WBC being made; marked leukocytosis
CLL– no normal apoptosis of B lymphocytes
both are often asymptomatic

44
Q

4 lab values with AML

A

low Hg
low Plts
high WBC
OR pancytopenia

heme/onc (5 decks)

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