Exam #3

Question 1

Mode of transmission of Rotavirus?

Answer 1

waterborn, foodborne, person to person

Question 2

How are hepatitis b,c, and d trasmitted?

Answer 2

sexually transmitted ,sharing needles, syringes, or other drug-injection equipment; or from mother to baby at birth.

Question 3

What is west nile virus?

Answer 3

vector-borne illness, carried by mosquitoes. Common in
Memphis. Health department will spray in zip codes
where West Nile is detected.

Question 4

How is e. coli transmitted?

Answer 4

Foodborne/person to person

Question 5

What is the vector mode of transmission?

Answer 5

arthropods, such as ticks and mosquitoes, or
other invertebrates, such as snails, that transmit the infectious
agent by biting or depositing the infective material near the
host.

Question 6

What diseases would patients be put in airborne precautions for?

Answer 6

measles, chickenpox, TB

Question 7

What diseases would patients be put in droplet precautions for?

Answer 7

pertussis, influenza, SARS

Question 8

What are risk factors for non-communicable dieases?

Answer 8

pollutants. (found in home, work air, water, and ground), behaviors (tobacco, alcohol, nutrition, exercise, obesity), and genetic factors

Question 9

What is the UPSTF?

Answer 9

The U.S. Preventive
Services Task Force
releases recommendations
for preventive services
based on rigorous review of
the evidence.

Question 10

How is UPSTF used?

Answer 10

in
combination with the
CDC’s recommended immunization
schedules and the Bright
Futures guidelines for
children and adolescents,
provide a comprehensive set
of recommendations for
primary and secondary
preventive services for all
Americans—from infancy
through old age.

Question 11

What are examples of clinical preventitive services?

Answer 11

screening tests, immunizations, health behavior counseling, and preventive medications.

Question 12

What is the burden of disease?

Answer 12

The total significance of disease for society beyond
the immediate cost of treatment. It is measured in
years of life lost to ill health as the difference between
total life expectancy and disability-adjusted life
expectancy”

Question 13

What are factors to consider for the burden of disease?

Answer 13

 Impact of disease on populations
 Social and economic impact
 Assessment of disease, injury, and risk factors
 Disability and premature deaths

Question 14

What are factors for community preparedness?

Answer 14

Outlining roles of local agencies
 Read and understand local disaster plans
 Role of health department is on front line of
disaster prevention
 Community warning system and evacuation
plans
 Emergency Management Agency (EMA)
coordinates with local, state, and federal
agencies
 Disaster and mass casualty exercises
 Provide the opportunity to test and update
disaster plans
 Disaster management training through Red
Cross

Question 15

What are stress responses in disasters?

Answer 15

 Exacerbation of a chronic disease
 Older adult’s reactions dependent
on health, strength, mobility,
independence, and income and so
on
 Regressive behaviors
 Populations at greatest risk after a
disaster

Question 16

What are stress response in disasters for workers/responders?

Answer 16

 Workers at risk for stress reactions
 Vicarious traumatization
 Degree of workers’ stress depends on the
nature of the disaster, their role in the
disaster, individual stamina, and other
environmental factors
 May not recognize the need for self-care
 Symptoms may signal need for stress
management assistance

Question 17

What does anthrax look like?

Answer 17

1. A group of small blisters or bumps that may itch.
2. Swelling can occur around the sore.
3. A painless skin sore (ulcer) with a black center that appears after the small blisters or bumps. Most often the sore will be on the face, neck, arms, or hand.

Question 18

What are category a biological agents?

Answer 18

 Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
 Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin)
 Plague (Yersinia pestis)
 Smallpox (variola major)
 Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
 Viral hemorrhagic fevers, including
 Filoviruses (Ebola, Marburg)
 Arenaviruses (Lassa, Machupo)

Question 19

What is universal LOP?

Answer 19

identified populations at risk

Question 20

What is selective LOP?

Answer 20

specific subgroups at a
higher risk

Question 21

What is indicated LOP?

Answer 21

subgroups at the highest risk

Question 22

What is used to treat anthrax?

Answer 22

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Question 23

What are the characteristics of an infectious agent?

Answer 23

Infectivity: The ability to enter and multiply in the host.
Pathogenicity: The ability to produce a specific clinical reaction after infection occurs.
Virulence: The ability to produce a severe pathological reaction.
Toxicity: The ability to produce a poisonous reaction.
Invasiveness: The ability to penetrate and spread throughout the tissue.
Antigenicity: The ability to stimulate an immunological response.

Question 24

What is a fomite?

Answer 24

objects or materials which are likely to carry infection, such as clothes, utensils, and furniture. (paper tissue carrying rhinovirus)

Question 25

What term is used to describe the first case of an outbreak?

Answer 25

index case

Question 26

What is active immunity?

Answer 26

the immunity which results from the production of antibodies by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen.

Question 27

What is passive immunity?

Answer 27

A type of immunity that occurs when a person is given antibodies rather than making them through his or her own immune system. For example, passive immunity occurs when a baby receives a mother’s antibodies through the placenta or breast milk.

Question 28

What are the bacterial STD’s?

Answer 28

gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia

Question 29

What are the viral STD’s?

Answer 29

HIV, HPV, herpes, hepatitis

Question 30

What are the stages of HIV?

Answer 30

1. Primary infection (within about 1 month of contracting virus)
2. Incubation period/ clinical latency (when body shows no symptoms)-Use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has increased survival time
3. Symptomatic disease (AIDS)-CD4 T-lymphocyte count less than 200/ml with documented HIV infection-AIDS-related opportunistic infections

Question 31

What are the 4 main categories of NCD?

Answer 31

1. Cardiovascular disease
2. Cancers
3. Chronic respiratory diseases
4. Diabetes

Question 32

Immunizations suggested for adults:

Answer 32

tetanus:
-Flu
-TDap
-MMR
-Varicella
-Zoster
-HPV
-Pneumococcal
-Hep A and B
-Meningitis
-Meningococcal (A,B,C)
-Hib (haemophilus flu B)

Question 33

What are the phases of disaster response?

Answer 33

 Prevention
(Mitigation)
 Preparedness
 Response
 Recovery

Question 34

What is an endemic?

Answer 34

refers to the constant presence of a disease within a geographic area or a population.

Question 35

What is an epidemic?

Answer 35

refers to the occurrence of disease in a community or region in excess of normal expectancy.

Question 36

What is a pandemic?

Answer 36

refers to an epidemic occurring worldwide and affecting large populations.

Question 37

What are agents of bioterrorism?

Answer 37

anthrax, smallpox, ebola, plague, tularemia

Question 38

What are the ways to detect anthrax?

Answer 38

measure antibodies or toxin in blood or test directly for bacillus anthracis in a sample from blood, skin lesion swab, spinal fluid, or respiratory secretions

Question 39

What are treatments for anthrax?

Answer 39

antibioitcs and antitoxin. for more severe cases, will need hospitalization and possible fluid drainage/ breathing through mechanical ventilation treatments

Question 40

What is the normal treatment for TB?

Answer 40

2 antibiotics (isoniazid and rifampicin) for 6 months. 2 additional antibiotics (pyrazinamide and ethambutol) for the first 2 months of the 6-month treatment period.`