Histopathology

Question 1

What is histopathology?

Answer 1

• combination of histology and pathology
• also called as anatomic pathology
• the art and science of producing a quality tissue section to enable the pathologist to diagnose the presence or absence of disease
• autopsy and biopsy specimens

Question 2

What is histology?

Answer 2

A branch of biology that deals with the microscopic anatomy of cells, tissues and organs in relation to their function. It is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy.

Question 3

What is the role of Marie Francois Xavier Bichat?

Answer 3

Father of Histology

Question 4

Who is the Father of Histology

Answer 4

Marie Francois Xavier Bichat

Question 5

What is the role of Johannes Peter Muller is histopathology?

Answer 5

Father of histopathology and cellular pathology

Question 6

Who is the father of histopathology and cellular pathology

Answer 6

Johannes Peter Muller

Question 7

What is the role of Ferdinand Blum in histopathology

Answer 7

proposed the use of formaldehyde as a fixative.

Question 8

Who proposed the use of formaldehyde as a fixative?

Answer 8

Ferdinand Blum

Question 9

What is numbering/catalog?

Answer 9

recording the tissue specimen in a log book and assigning identification numbers to the received specimen.

Question 10

What is Fixation?

Answer 10

Preserving the tissue specimen in as life-like manner as possible.

Question 11

What is the routine fixative for fixation?

Answer 11

10% formalin

Question 12

What is decalcification

Answer 12

removal of calcium from some tissues or organs

Question 13

What is the routine decalcifying agent for decalcification?

Answer 13

nitric acid

Question 13

What is the routine decalcifying agent for decalcification?

Answer 13

nitric acid

Question 14

What is Dehydration?

Answer 14

removing water from the specimen by using increasing grades of ethyl alcohol

Question 15

What is Clearing?

Answer 15

removing excess alcohol in tissues and makes tissues transparent

Question 16

What is the routine clearing agent for clearing?

Answer 16

Xylene

Question 17

What is Inflitration/Impregnation?

Answer 17

filling up tissue spaces or cavities with melted paraffin wax

Question 18

Embedding

Answer 18

Placing the infiltrated tissue inside a mold

Question 19

Trimming

Answer 19

Removing excess paraffin wax from the block until it assumes the shape of a truncated pyramid.

Question 20

Sectioning

Answer 20

Cutting of tissue block into thin slices (0.5-100 micrometer) called ribbons/sections using a microtome (commonly used: rotary microtome)

Question 21

What is Staining?

Answer 21

employs the use of hematoxylin and eosin dyes to differentiate the cells and the cell constituents

Question 21

What is Staining?

Answer 21

employs the use of hematoxylin and eosin dyes to differentiate the cells and the cell constituents

Question 22

What is Mounting?

Answer 22

Putting the cover slip on the stained tissues using a mounting medium.

Question 23

What is Labeling?

Answer 23

Specimen number is indicated on the glass slide.

Question 24

What is the Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy

Answer 24

Insertion of a hollow needle into the mass for sample collection.

Question 25

What is the purpose of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy?

Answer 25

To investigate superficial masses or lumps to detect any pathologic condition like malignancy.

Question 26

Papanicolaou Smear/Pap Smear

Answer 26

Screening for cervical cancer and any pre-cancerous changes in the cervix, detect STDs: trichomoniasis, candidiasis and human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 27

What is Cell Block?

Answer 27

Paraffin-embedded specimen prepared from dried mucus, sputum and debris found in body fluids.

Question 28

What is Cytospin?

Answer 28

To concentrate cells on a slide in a uniform monolayer using a high-speed centrifuge.

Question 29

What is a Frozen Section?

Answer 29

Performed when an immediate or rapid microscopic analysis of specimen is need, Cryostat.

Question 30

What is a Breast Panel?

Answer 30

Biomarkers important in the genetic testing for breast cancer.

Question 31

What is Histochemistry?

Answer 31

Uses special stains to determine the chemical compounds and their distribution within and in between the biological cells of the body.

Question 32

What is Immunohistochemical Staining

Answer 32

Detecting antigens in the cells of tissue sections by using antibodies.

Question 33

What is a post-mortem examination/autopsy?

Answer 33

Thorough examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death, manner of death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may have been present.