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COT - Exam 1 > 4.4 - Lab - Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

4.4 - Lab - Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Ground Substance of blood

A

= plasma

  • largely water based
  • contains carrier proteins (albumin) + clotting proteins (fibrinogen) + antibodies
  • fibrinogen can generate a fiberous component
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2
Q

What is serum

A

plasma with clotting proteins removed

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3
Q

How do you prepare a blood smear

A

1) drop of blood place on glass slide
2) spread over surface
3) done

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4
Q

Common stains for blood in blood smears

A

1) Hematoxylin
2) Eosin
3) Azure stain (blue stain) - helps to distinguish various intracellular components

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5
Q

Where are cells of the blood normally born

A

bone marrow

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6
Q

What types of cells are normally confined to the circulation?

A

Erthrocytes + platelets

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7
Q

What types of cells can leave the circulation by passing through endothelial lining?

A

Leukocytes

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8
Q

What types of cells spend majority of time in circulation and only rarely leave

A

basophils

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9
Q

What cells leave so quickly they usually are not considered with the leukocytes

A

mast cells

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10
Q

what cells spend time both in circulation and connective tissue

A

neutrophils

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11
Q

Describe some cells that change to carry out their functions

A

1) Monocytes (blood) –> Macrophages (in tissue)

2) B Lymphocytes (blood and tissue) –> “activated” become plasma cells

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12
Q

7 types of cells in blood smear

A

1) Erythrocyte (RBC; Normocyte)
2) Platelet
3) Lymphocytes
4) Monocytes
5) Neutrophils
6) Eosinophils
7) Basophils

3-7 = leukocytes, contain nuclei
1-2 = do not contain nuclei
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13
Q

What cells commonly seen in a blood smear do not contain nuclei

A
  1. RBCs

2. Platelets

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14
Q

What are the five types of Leukocytes seen in a blood smear

A
  1. lymphocytes
  2. monocytes
  3. Neutrophils
  4. eosinophils
  5. basophils
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15
Q

Describe the prevalence of the different leukocytes in a typical blood smear

A 
Never Let Monkey Eat Bananas
NLMEB
Neutrophils ~ 60%
Lymphocytes ~ 30%
Monocytes ~ 5%
Eosinophils ~ 2%
Basophils ~ 0.5%
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16
Q

What is a buffy coat?

A
  • in freshly centrifuged blood the white blood cells form a whitish layer above the RBCs
17
Q

What type of cells are collectively termed granulocytes and what do they have in common?

A
  • Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils (Never Eat Bananas)

- they all have granules (where as the other 2 types don’t)

18
Q

What is a flow cytometry machine

A

sorts cells to prepare a complete blood count

19
Q

What is the corpus luteum

A

= Cells of ovarian follicle after ovulation

  • site of naturally occuring blood clot in the body
  • composed of endocrine cells = steroid hormone producing cells
20
Q

what is the corpus albicans

A

Scar resulting from an ovulated ovarian follicle

21
Q

What is plasmodium falciparum

A

the parasite that is responsible for the most fatal form of malaria (malaria is caused by a parasitic infection of the blood)

22
Q

what is crenulation

A
  • formation of a star-shaped edge on a RBC

- commonly occurs when blood is exposed to a hypertonic solution

23
Q

What is en rouleaux

A
  • a clumping together of RBCs into a type of packing that looks like a roll of Life Savers Candy
  • occurs when the proteins of the RBCs see higher-than-normal concentrations of plasma proteins
24
Q

What are the “resident” cells of CT

A

Fibroblast (although this cell is not entirely non-motile)
unilocular adipocyte
multilocular adipocyte

25
Q

What are the “motile” cells of CT

A
  • cells derived from hematopoietic precursors
  • move among the fibers of CT as part of their normal functioning (NLMEB)
    6 typical motile cells
    1) Plasma cell (mature b-cell)
    2) Lymphocyte
    3) Macrophage (mature monocyte)
    4) Neutrophil
    5) Eosinophil
    6) Mast Cell
26
Q

What are the distinguishing features ( in H&E) of the plasma cell?

A
  • “clock face” nucleus
  • basophilic cytoplasm
  • cytocentrum (location of Golgi apparatus)
27
Q

What are the distinguishing features (in H&E) of the lymphocyte?

A
  • Heterochromatic nucleus

- high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio

28
Q

What are the distinguishing features (in H&E) of the macrophage?

A
  • euchromatic nucleus

- inclusions (evidence of phagocytic activity

29
Q

What are the distinguishing features (in H&E) of the neutrophil?

A
  • lobed nucleus

- “smooth” cytoplasm

30
Q

What are the distinguishing features (in H&E) of the Eosinophil?

A
  • lobed nucleus

- intensely stained, granular cytoplasm

31
Q

What are the distinguishing features (in H&E) of the mast cell?

A
  • round nucleus

- intensely stained, granular cytoplasm

COT - Exam 1 (26 decks)

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