Pragmatics

Question 1

Implied meaning/ implication

Answer 1

The conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated

Question 2

Politeness

Answer 2

When someone uses their language to avoid offend someone else
The consideration of manners, rudeness and ‘saving face’ / avoid embarrassment

Question 3

Identity (cultural, social, personal values, attitudes)

Answer 3

Who you are to yourself, the world and the characteristics that define you

Question 4

Grice maxims

Answer 4

1. Quality - don’t say what you believe to be false or lack evidence
2. Relevance - be relevant
3. Quantity - make contribution as informative as required (don’t say unnecessary information)
4. Manner - avoid ambiguity, be brief, be orderly

Question 5

Overt and covert prestige

Answer 5

Overt - accent/ vocabulary reflects the culturally dominant group, usually those in power or authority - change your voice to seem more prestigious e.g. R.P
Covert- - vocab/accent related to a particular regional or cultural vernacular. Distinguish yourself/ a group from the culturally dominant group as an act of solidarity, community or individual identity

Question 6

Howard Giles accomodation theory
Convergence
Divergence

Answer 6

Subconscious or conscious choices we make when communicating with others
Convergence - mirror other persons vocab/accent etc, improves effectiveness of convo, enhance communication, mirror gestures, enhances liking and approval
Divergence - works in opposite direction to convergence, speaks and gestures differently from other person, accentuates differences, reinforces individual identity, discourages relationship, correcting poor English, behaviour modification