Introduction to Law: Reading 1

Question 1

________ is a “written law enacted by the legislature” that comes from a body of elected officials.

Answer 1

Statute
EX: Congress

Question 2

________ is a “rule having the force of law issued by an administrative agency” and come from administrative agencies (usually groups of non-elected, although sometimes appointed, officials with expertise in the area of interest)

Answer 2

Regulation
EX: FDA and DEA (federal regulation), State board of pharmacy (state regulation)

Question 3

________ are “a set of concepts and principles that guide us in determining what behavior helps or harms” others

Answer 3

Ethics

Question 4

____________ is “the state of doing or producing good”

Answer 4

Beneficence
consequence-based principle which focus on the outcomes of a decision. Ex: an individual will often look for a result that benefits the patient regardless of the result to others.

Question 5

________ is “the state of not doing harm or evil”

Answer 5

Nonmaleficence
consequence-based principle with similar moral connotations to beneficience - protecting the patient from harm and choosing the best option

Question 6

___________ is “the ethical principle that actions are right insofar as they distribute benefits according to an “end-state” pattern”

Answer 6

Justice
often considered fairness or equitable; a duty-based principle which focuses not on outcomes of a decision, but on what we may owe an individual

Question 7

___________ is “governing oneself according to one’s own system of morals and beliefs or life plan;” “the capacity for self-determiniation” or for someone to make decisions for themselves

Answer 7

Autonomy
duty-based principle; where we focus more on what we owe a person than on the consequences of a decision

Question 8

___________ is “the state of being faithful, including obligations of loyalty and keeping promises and commitments”

________ is “ telling the truth in all situations”

Answer 8

Fidelity and veracity
both principles deal with honesty and are often applied interchangeably. duty-based principles where our obligation to our patient may outweigh the consequence of an action

Question 9

___________ is “the system of action in which one person treats another the way a father treats a child, striving to promote the other’s good even aginst the other’s wishes”

Answer 9

Paternalism
the anti-thesis to respect for autonomy - “I know what’s best for the patient”