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Renal System Test Block 2 > Embriology of UT > Flashcards

Embriology of UT Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary System starts developing on…

A

Week 4

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2
Q

intermediate mesoderm forms…

A

urogenital ridges

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3
Q

Urogenital ridges will give rise to …

A

urinary and genital system

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4
Q

Nephrogenic cord

A

part of the urogenital ridge, which is what develops into the urinary structures

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5
Q

Nephrogenic cord divides into:

A

pronephros, mesonephros,metanephros

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6
Q

Pronephros

A

-appears at the 4th week
-degenerates by end of week 4
-has a pronephric duct and nephrotome
-first system that appears
-does not play any major role in kidney formation

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7
Q

Mesonephros

A

-appears between 4-6 weeks
-develop capillary system
-starts filtration of the kidney
-contains mesonephric ducts

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8
Q

Metanephros

A

-around 12 weeks
-kidney functions normally

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9
Q

Structure that gives the indication for the formation of the urinary system

A

Pronephros

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10
Q

Structure that appears at the beginning of the 4th week and disappears by the end of the 4th week …

A

Pronephros

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11
Q

Structure that appears in the early weeks of 4week after pronephros has disappeared…

A

Mesonephros

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12
Q

Structure where the first excretory tubules appear and form the S-Shaped Loop…

A

Mesonephros

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13
Q

Structure that acquires a collection of capillaries…

A

Mesonephros

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14
Q

Capillaries form glomerulus and around the glomerulus the tubules form…

A

Bowmans capsule

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15
Q

Glomerulus + Bowmans capsule form…

A

Renal Corpuscle

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16
Q

Structure that produces the excretion/reabsorption portion of the kidney but it is still not a functional kidney…

A

Mesonephros

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17
Q

Mesonephric or Wolffian Duct

A

tubule that enters collecting duct and has bowmans capsule, glomerulus and capillaries

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18
Q

In the middle of the second month, mesonephros forms a large ovoid organ on each side of the midline

thus developing…

A

Gonads

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19
Q

Ridges formed by mesonephros that help in the developing of the gonads is …

A

Urogenital ridges

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20
Q

Structure that develops the complete kidney and appears at week 5…

A

Metanephros

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21
Q

Metanephros is also known as the…

A

Permanent kidney

22
Q

Structure appears at week 5 and is completely functional at week 12…

A

Metanephros

23
Q

Metanephros contains 2 types of systems:

A

Collecting system and excretory system

24
Q

Collecting system (from metanephros)…

A

-develops from the ureteric bud
-its an outgrowth of the mesonephric duct close to the cloaca
-penetrates the metanephric tissue

25
Q

Excretory system(from metanephros)…

A

-S shaped tubules(collecting tubules) + renal vesicle (glomeruli) = excretory system or nephrons

26
Q

Continous lenghtening of the excretory tubule results in formation of the …

A

Proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal convoluted tubule

27
Q

Which position is better to put kidney in a kidney transplant?

A

Left Side, because body has some kind of recollection of when kidney was first developed

28
Q

Blood stream enters kidneys through…

A

Afferent and efferent arterioles

29
Q

Metanephric mesoderm provides…

A

excretory units

30
Q

Ureteric bud gives rise to…

A

Collecting system

31
Q

Differentiation of the kidney involves Epithelial-Mesenchymal interaction… so it involves interaction between?

A

Epithelium of uteric bud(From mesonephros)
+
Mesenchyme (From metanephros blastema)

32
Q

Mesenchyme (from Metanephros) expresses, what transcriptional factor?

A

WT1

33
Q

WT1…

A

Regulates production of glial derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) by the mesenchyme
thus stimulating …
branching and growth of the ureteric buds

also… makes the
Mesenchyme (from Metanephros blastema) competent to respond to the induction by the uteric bud

34
Q

Epithelium of the uteric buds synthesize… Tyrosine Kinase Receptors

A

RET for GDNF
MET for HGF

35
Q

Uteric buds induce mesenchyme via …

A

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and Bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7)

36
Q

FGF2 and BMP7 block…

A

Apoptosis and stimulate proliferation in metanephric mesenchyme while maintaining production of WT1

37
Q

Uteric buds also express WNT9B and WNT6 which upregulate…

A

PAX2 and WNT4 in metanephric mesenchyme

38
Q

WNT9B and WNT6 mediates conversion of mesenchyme to ….

A

epithelium for nephron formation

39
Q

Anomalies in Number…

A

Renal agenesis= uteric bud fails to contact metanephric mesoderm (doesnt generate kidney)
Duplications= ureteric bud splits early before reaching metanephric mesoderm(Born eith 3 kidneys)
Ectopic ureters=two ureteric buds arise from mesonephric duct (1 kidney with 2 ureters, prone to having stones)

40
Q

Anomalies in Kidney Ascent…

A

can be seen through ultrasound before birth and is related to females with turner syndrome

When kidney fails to ascend properly and its location become ectopic.

41
Q

Horseshoe kidney

A

when inferior poles of the kidney fuse together and ascent is stopped by inferior mesenteric artery

42
Q

Kidney can also fuse to the contralateral pole and ascend to the opposite side, which results…

A

in a cross-fused ectopy

43
Q

Anomalies in Position..

A

Mal rotated kidney

Calyces can face anteriorly instead of posteriorly which causes…
obstruction of urine passing through
thus causes.. inadequate drainage leading to infection or stone formation

44
Q

Polycystic Kidneys…

A

parenchyma of the kidney covered in cysts

45
Q

Wilms tumor

A

Tumor in lower end of kidney ans is the #1 kidney tumor in children

46
Q

Bladder and urethra forms during…

A

4th and 7th week

47
Q

Cloaca divides into …

A

urogenital sinus(anteriorly) and anal canal(posteriorly)

48
Q

Cloaca divides into urogenital sinus and anal canal through…

A

urorectal septum

49
Q

If urorectal septum doesn’t completely separate urogenital sinus and anal canal, it leads to…

A

Fistula

50
Q

Urogenital sinus divides into…

A

Bladder
Pelvic part= gives rise to the prostatic and membranous parts of urethra (prostate gland is produced)
Phallic part

51
Q

In Males urogenital sinus divides into…

A

upper portion= becomes bladder
middle portion=becomes prostate and prostatic urethra
phallic portion=becomes penile urethra

52
Q

In Females urogenital sinus divides into…

A

upper portion= becomes bladder
middle portion=becomes inferior vagina
phallic portion=connects with paramesonephric ducts

Renal System Test Block 2 (4 decks)

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