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GROSS ANATOMY > Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior thoracic aperture?

A

Passage of structures between thorax and upper limb/neck

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2
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture?

A
  • Body T1
  • 1st pair of ribs and costal cartilage
  • superior border of manubrium
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3
Q

What is the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

allows passage of structures between thorax and abdomen

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4
Q

what are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture

A
  • body T12
  • 11th/12th ribs
  • costal cartilage ribs 7-10
  • xiphisterna joint
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5
Q

How do true ribs connect to sternum (1-7)

A

connect via own cartilage

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6
Q

how to false ribs connect to the sternum (8-10)

A

connect indirectly via cartilage of ribs above

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7
Q

how do floating ribs connect to sternum (11-12)

A

no connection to thoracic cage

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8
Q

describe a the features of a typical rib

A
  • 3rd - 9th rib
  • wedge shaped head
  • 2 articular facets separated by crest
  • neck connects body and head at tubercle
  • tubercle with articular and non articular parts
  • thin, flat and curved body
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9
Q

describe features of the 1st rib (atypical)

A
  • single facet on head
  • only articulates with T1
  • grooves for subclavian vessels on superior surface
  • separated by scalene tubercle
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10
Q

describe features of the 2nd rib (atypical)

A
  • rough area on upper surface
  • tuberosity for serratus anterior muscle
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11
Q

describe the features of the 10th-12th ribs (atypical)

A
  • single facet on head
  • articulate with single vertebra
  • 11th-12th are short with no neck or tubercle
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12
Q

what joints lie between IV discs

A

2nd degree cartilaginous joints

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13
Q

what joints lie between articular facets of vertebrae

A

synovial plane joints

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14
Q

what type of sternocostal joint is at the 1st rib

A

1st degree cartilaginous joint

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15
Q

what type of sternocostal joint is at ribs 2-7

A

synovial plane joints

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16
Q

describe the Interchondral joints of ribs 6-10

A

synovial plane between 6-9
fibrous between 9-10

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17
Q

what is the main muscle of respiration

A

diaphragm

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18
Q

what innervates the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve - anterior rami C3,4,5

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19
Q

what are the secondary muscles of respiration

A
  • scalene
  • serratus posterior muscles
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20
Q

what innervates the pectoralis major?

A
  • medial pectoral nerve (ant. rami C8-T1)
  • lateral pectoral nerve (ant rami C5-7)
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21
Q

what innervates the pectoralis minor

A
  • medial pectoral nerve (ant. rami C8-T1)
22
Q

what innervates the external oblique

A
  • ant. rami T7-T12
23
Q

what innervates the rectus abdominus

A
  • ant. rami T7-12
24
Q

what innervates the serratus anterior

A
  • long thoracic nerve (ant. rami C5-7)
25
Q

what innervates the anterior scalenes

A
  • ant. rami C3-7
26
Q

what innervates middle scalenes

A
  • ant. rami C4-7
27
Q

what innervates the posterior scalenes

A
  • ant. rami C5-7
28
Q

what innervates serratus posterior superior

A
  • 2nd-5th intercostal nerves
29
Q

what innervates the serratus posterior inferior

A
  • ant. rami T9-12
30
Q

describe the external intercostal muscles

A
  • fibres pass downwards and forwards
  • from tubercles of ribs to costochondral junction
31
Q

what innervates the external intercostal muscles

A
  • ant. rami T1-11
32
Q

describe the internal intercostal muscles

A
  • fibres pass down and back
  • from sternum to angle of ribs
33
Q

what innervates the internal intercostal muscles

A

intercostal nerves

34
Q

describe the innermost intercostal muscles

A
  • deepest layer
  • fibres pass down and back
  • very thin
  • often incomplete
35
Q

what innervates the innermost intercostal muscles

A

intercostal nerves

36
Q

describe the subcostal muscles

A
  • deep
  • near angle of ribs
  • spans 1-2 intercostal spaces
37
Q

what innervates the subcostal muscles

A

intercostal nerves

38
Q

describe the transversus thoracis

A

radiates from sides of sternum to costal cartilages 2-6

39
Q

what innervates the transversus thoracis

A

intercostal nerves

40
Q

where does the neurovascular plane lie

A

between internal and innermost intercostal muscles

41
Q

what runs in the costal groove

A
  • intercostal Vein
  • intercostal Artery
  • intercostal Nerve
    (VAN)
42
Q

Where does the 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal artery arise from

A

supreme intercostal artery (branch of costocervical trunk from subclavian artery)

43
Q

where does the 3rd-11th (and subcostal 12th) posterior intercostal artery arise from

A

thoracic aorta

44
Q

where does the 1st-6th anterior intercostal artery arise from

A

direct from internal thoracic artery

45
Q

where does the 7-9th anterior intercostal artery arise from

A

musculophrenic artery

46
Q

describe the venous drainage of the right hand side body wall

A
  • 1st intercostal vein directly into right brachiocephalic vein
  • rest drain directly into azygos vein
47
Q

describe venous drainage of the left hand side body wall

A
  • veins 1-4 drain into left brachiocephalic vein
  • veins 5-8 drain directly to accessory hemiazygos vein
  • veins 9-11 drain to hemiazygos vein
48
Q

describe lymphatic drainage of the thoracic wall

A
  • anterior and lateral body wall drains to anterior and pectoral lymph nodes
  • posterior chest wall drains to axillary nodes
49
Q

describe arterial supply to the breast

A
  • lateral mammary branches from lateral thoracic artery
  • medial mammary branches from internal thoracic artery
50
Q

describe venous drainage of the breast

A
  • venous drainage by medial and lateral mammary veins
51
Q

describe the lymphatics of the breast

A
  • 75% to axillary nodes
  • rest to parasternal nodes

GROSS ANATOMY (16 decks)

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