Topic-3 Psychological Problems Vocab

Question 1

Unipolar depression

Answer 1

Mood disorder causing periods of feeling sad and lacking motivation to do everyday activities

Question 2

Mental health problem

Answer 2

A form of psychological problem characterized by symptoms affecting your mind and behavior

Question 3

Twin studies

Answer 3

Research that compares behaviors in groups of twins to check for similarities

Question 4

Monozygotic twins

Answer 4

Twins developed from one fertilized egg that has split into two, genetically identical

Question 5

Dizygotic twins

Answer 5

Twins developed from two different eggs fertilized during the same pregnancy, not genetically identical

Question 6

Genetic predisposition

Answer 6

Biological tendency to develop a particular behavior as a result of a gene someone has

Question 7

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 7

Explanation for depression that claims people can have a gene that makes them more likely to develop depression but only if they face a stressful situation that triggers the gene.

Question 8

Serotonin

Answer 8

Neurotransmitter associated with controlling mood

Question 9

Deterministic

Answer 9

Our actions are dependent on our genes and what we experience, the opposite of having free will

Question 10

Free will

Answer 10

Having the ability to choose the type of behavior we want to show

Question 11

Cognitive theory

Answer 11

An explanation that focuses on how thought influences behavior

Question 12

Negative triad

Answer 12

Set of three thought patterns when people feel negatively

Question 13

Magnification

Answer 13

Cognitive bias that makes people see their problems far worse than they actually are

Question 14

Nature

Answer 14

Explanations of behavior that focus on innate factors

Question 15

Nurture

Answer 15

Explanations of behavior that focus on environmental factors

Question 16

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer 16

Therapy for mental health disorders that aims to change thought processes in order to reduce symptoms

Question 17

Neurotransmitters

Answer 17

Chemicals found within the nervous system that pass messages from one neuron to another across a synapse

Question 18

Noradrenaline

Answer 18

Neurotransmitter associated with mood and is released during times of stress

Question 19

Reuptake

Answer 19

Process by which neurons re-absorb neurotransmitters that they released

Question 20

Placebo

Answer 20

Inactive substance used instead of an active substance, the person given the placebo will not know that it is a fake

Question 21

Relapse

Answer 21

Return of symptoms after a treatment has been given

Question 22

Addiction

Answer 22

Mental health problem that causes dependency on a substance or activity in order to live regularly

Question 23

Withdrawal

Answer 23

Unpleasant physical or psychological symptoms when trying to quit an addiction

Question 24

Learning theory

Answer 24

Explanation that believes behavior is learned through associations and experiences

Question 25

Classical conditioning

Answer 25

Learning by association

Question 26

Operant conditioning

Answer 26

Learning from the consequences of actions

Question 27

Social learning theory

Answer 27

Behavior is learned through observation and imitation of role models

Question 28

Reinforcement

Answer 28

An outcome resulting from a behavior that either increases or decreases the likelihood of the behavior being repeated. The outcome may be the result of gaining something positive or losing something negative.

Question 29

Functional analysis

Answer 29

First stage of CBT to treat addiction that identifies triggers

Question 30

Skills training

Answer 30

Second stage of CBT to treat addiction where addicts learn to control the patterns of behavior that lead up to their addiction

Question 31

Detoxification

Answer 31

When an addict tries to stop taking a substance they are addicted to

Question 32

Longitudinal study

Answer 32

The same people are tested over a period of time to investigate changes

Question 33

Likert-type scale

Answer 33

A scale where a person can rate their level of agreement to a statement