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Med-Surg > EKG > Flashcards

EKG Flashcards

1
Q

P wave

A

atrial depolarization

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2
Q

QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

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3
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

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4
Q

PR interval

A

movement of electrical activity from atria to ventricles

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5
Q

normal PR interval

A

0.12 - 0.20

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6
Q

what is happening in the PR interval

A

time impulse travels from SA node through internodal pathways in atria toward ventricles

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7
Q

long PR interval

A

greater then 0.20 seconds
indicates the impulse was delayed as it passed through atria, AV node, or AV bundle

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8
Q

short PR interval

A

less than 0.12 seconds
may be seen when the impulse originates in the atria close to the AV node or in the AV bundle

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9
Q

QRS complex represents

A

conduction of impulse form Bundle of HIS through ventricular msucle

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10
Q

normal QRS complex

A

0.12 seconds

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11
Q

0.12 seconds = ___ small boxes

A

3

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12
Q

R-R interval

A

ventricular rate and regularity

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13
Q

QT interval

A

time take from ventricles to depolarize, contract, and repolarize; represents total ventricular activity

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14
Q

ST segment

A

time between ventricles depolarized and repolarization of ventricles begins (ventricular contraction)

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15
Q

T waves

A

“resting phase” of cardiac cycle

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16
Q

Most important assessment other or while doing ECG

A

looking at your patient and there presentation

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17
Q

8 step ECG interpretation

A

(1) measure HR
(2) examine R-R interval
(3) examine P wave
(4) measure PR interval
(5) determine if each P wave is followed by QRS
(6) examine and measure QRS
(7) examine and measure QT
(8) diagnose the rhythm

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18
Q

six-second method

A

count the number of complete QRS complexes within a period of 6 seconds and multiply it by 10 to determine the number of QRS complexes in 1 min

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19
Q

Sinus Bradycardia

A

HR less than 60
originates from SA node

20
Q

treatment for sinus bradycardia

A

atropine / pacemaker

21
Q

sinus tachycardia

A

rate greater than 100bpm and less than 150bpm

22
Q

what causes sinus tachycardia

A

sympathetic stimulation, fever, hypovolemia, pain

23
Q

treatment for sinus tachycardia

A

beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, vagal nerve stimulus, antipyretics, pain management, antianxiety measures, carotid artery massage

24
Q

sinus node dysfunction

A

impulses originate elsewhere in atria
- premature atrial contractions
- SVT
- may decrease cardiac output secondary to tachycardia

25
Q

Atrial dysrhythmias

A

characterized by rapid atrial rate
- rapid ventricular response to symptoms

26
Q

PAC’s

A

often benign but may be warning sign for something else
- enhanced automaticity of cardiac cells

27
Q

sinus arrhythmia

A

rate 63-81 bpm

28
Q

who is sinus arrhythmia common in

A

athletes and children

29
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

atria contracting very rapidly, unable to empty, discharging greater than 400bpm
- absent P waves

30
Q

what happens in afib

A
  • atrial chambers are unable to refill before contraction
  • inadequate ventricular filling
  • decreased stroke volume by 25%
  • blood in atria prone to form clots
  • increase risk for thrombotic stroke
31
Q

supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

A
  • rate between 150 and 250 bpm
  • regular rhythm
  • undistinguishable P wave
  • QRS complex normal
  • R-R irregular
32
Q

treatment for SVT

A

valsalvas maneuver, calcium channel blockers, digoxin, beta blockers, adenosine, cardioversion

33
Q

atrial flutter

A
  • rate greater than 250 (up to 350)
  • ventricular rate regular or irregular
  • atrial oscillations appear as saw tooth or flutter waves
    -ventricular rate ~80, atrial rate ~375
  • QRS complex 0.10
34
Q

treatment for atrial flutter

A

cardioversion, calcium channel blockers to regulate HR, digoxin, beta blockers

35
Q

heart blocks are like __________

A

relationships

36
Q

first degree AV block

A
  • PR interval > 0.20 seconds
  • delayed conduction through AV node
  • pt usually asymptomatic; no treatment necessary
  • related to acute MI, CAD
37
Q

second degree AV block

A

SA node impulse conduction is delayed or completely blocked
- occurs in AV nodal area
- P wave is present
- PR interval is irregular or not measurable

38
Q

difference between second degree AV block type 1 and type 2

A

Type 1 - P and QRS are far apart and then close together again
Type 2 - P and QRS are normal, but P sometimes moves father or closer

39
Q

junctional dysrhythmias

A
  • SA node fails to fire
  • intrinsic rate 40-60 bpm
  • AV node become pacemaker
  • inverted or absent P wave
40
Q

ventricular dysrhythmias

A
  • life threatening
  • inadequate ventricular ejection
  • insufficient stroke volume
  • decrease cardiac output
  • decrease tissue perfusion
41
Q

ventricular bigeminy

A
  • beats originate in the ventricles
  • regular pattern
  • may lead to v tach or v fib
42
Q

treatment for ventricular bigeminy

A

O2, antiarythmatics

43
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A
  • 3 or more PVC’s occurring at a rapid rate, usually greater than 100bpm
  • may deteriorate into ventricular fibrillation
44
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A
  • most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest
45
Q

treatment for ventricular fibrillation

A

defibrillation is treatment of choice and epinephrine

46
Q

asystole

A
  • represents complete cessation of electrical impulses
  • terminal rhythm

Med-Surg (15 decks)

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