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P1EXAM > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Which structure develops into the kidney and renal duct?

A

The metanephros

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2
Q

At what age foes the anterior fontanelle close

At what age foes the posterior fontanelle close

A

Anterior - 18 months

Posterior - 2 months

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3
Q

In foetal circulation, umbilical venous blood passes through which structure before entering the inferior vena cava?

A

Ductus venosus

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4
Q

A bicornuate uterus is the result of failure of which embryonic structure to correctly fuse?

A

Paramesonephric duct

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5
Q

How many cells are there on Day 3?

A

Day 3 - Morula - 12 to 16 cells

Day 4/5 - Blastocyst
Day 6 - Implantation

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6
Q

At what age are there the maximum number of ova?

A

20 weeks gestation

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7
Q

What drug is used to close a symptomatic ductus arteriosus?

A

Indomethacin
(a prostaglandin antagonist)

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8
Q

The renal tubules develop from

A

Metanephros

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9
Q

Uterus didelphus results from the failure of fusion of which structure

A

Paramesonephric duct

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10
Q

On fetal US abdomen shows defect in abdominal wall with intestine protruding out covered with layer

A

Omphalocele

O - omphalocele
In a bubble ‘O’

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11
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the trigone of urinary bladder?

A

Mesoderm
(caudal end of the mesonephric duct)

The rest of the bladder is from the endoderm

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12
Q

What does the genital ridge give rise to in the female foetus?

A

Ovary

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13
Q

What is the name of a placenta where the umbilical cord is attached to the margin?

A

Battledore placenta

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14
Q

The round ligament of the uterus develop From which embryonic structure?

A

Gubernaculum

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15
Q

What is the embryological origin of Gartners duct cyst?

A

Mesonephric duct

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16
Q

Ductus venosus is completely obliterated after birth to form what adult structure?

A

Ligamentum venosum

Ductus venosus –> ligamentum venosum

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17
Q

Which cells produce mullerian-inhibiting substance in fetal testis?

A

Sertoli cells

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18
Q

Where in the developing embryo do primordial germ cells originate?

A

Yolk Sac Endothelium

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19
Q

The greater omentum is derived from which of the following embryonic structures? Be specific

A

Dorsal mesogastrium

20
Q

In Horseshoe Kidney what structure prevents the kidney from ascending from pelvis to abdomen?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery
(the arterial supply of the hind gut)

21
Q

Primary mechanism of shunting blood away from the pulmonary circulation

A

Ductus arteriosus

22
Q

Gonads are derived from which part of which embryonic layer?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

23
Q

The ureteric bud is derived from which of the following structures ?

A

Mesonephric duct

Mesonephros –> ureteric bud –>
Ureter, renal pelvis, calyx, collecting duct

Metanephros–>
Glomerulus, capsule, PCT/Henle/DCT

24
Q

Allantois embryonic origin

A

Endoderm

25
Q

CNS is the most affected during teratogenesis. What is the first sensation developed in the fetus?

A

Touch

26
Q

Gastrulation is process of

A

Development of three germ layers

27
Q

In fetal circulation which structure caryy oxygenated blood from right atrium to left atrium?

A

Foramen ovale

28
Q

Central lump pointed to by arrow

A

Inner cell mass

29
Q

When does adult haemoglobin start being produced?

A

At birth

30
Q

Embryonic origin of oocytes

A

Primordial germ cell

31
Q

Embryological origin of appendix testis

A

Paramesonephric duct

32
Q

What do the umbilical arteries become?
What does the umbilical vein become?

A

Umbilical arteries - medial umbilical ligaments

Umbilical vein - ligamentum teres

33
Q

Embryological origin of the lower 2/3 of the vagina

A

Endoderm and urogenital sinus

Remember endoderm also makes the cloaca

34
Q

Embryological origin of the bladder

A

Endoderm:
Cloaca –>urogenital sinus –> bladder

35
Q

When do the primordial germ cells migrate from the yolk sac to the mesoderm?

/Where are germ cells at week 4

A

Week 5

Yolk sac

36
Q

What is the main Hb in fetus 32 weeks?

A

HbF

37
Q

What structures form from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

Muscles - muscles of facial expression
Nerve - Facial nerve
Skeletal - stapes, temporal styloid process, hyoid, stylohyoid

38
Q

What two structures does the ductus venosus join?

A

umbilical vein
IVC

39
Q

The ductus arteriosus connects which two structures?

A

Aorta and pulmonary artery

40
Q

Which structure establishes bilateral symmetry, determines the site of gastrulation, and initiates germ layer formation?

A

Primitive streak

41
Q

What day does the neural tube close?

A

30 (4 weeks)

42
Q

What structures does the vitilline duct connect?

A

Yolk sac and midgut

43
Q

What is the source of cholesterol in a term foetus?

A

Foetal liver

44
Q

At what week does the foetus begin to produce urine?

At what week does foetal urine become the major contributor to amniotic fluid?

A

Week 10

Week 18

45
Q

At what cell stage do monochorionic diamniotic twins split?

A

4 - 8 days - early blastocyst

Morula day 3
Blastocyst day 4-5
Implantation day 6

46
Q

When does the anterior pituitary begin to develop?

A

6-7 weeks (?)

47
Q

What structure does ligamentum arteriosus come from?

A

Ductus arteriosus

P1EXAM (27 decks)

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