Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration
Series of chemical reactions that involves the breakdown of nutrient molecules in order to release the energy stored within the bonds of these molecules
It can take place aerobically or anaerobically
Occurs in all living cells as chemical reactions in aerobic respiration take place in the mitochondria
What is ATP
Glucose bonds are broken, and energy stored in the bonds are released and then locked up in the bonds of a chemical called Adenosine Triphosphate
What is the function of ATP
ATP can release the energy from its bond very quickly which is why it is used as the energy carrying molecule in cells and it does this by breaking the final phosphate from the cells
The molecules can be recycled so there is always a steady supply of energy rich ATP in the cell for all the process that need it
Explain Aerobic respiration
Requires oxygen
Takes place in mitochondria
Complete breakdown of glucose to release a relatively large amount of energy (38 ATP) for use in cell processes
Produces CO2 and water as well as the useful energy
What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen = Carbon dioxide + Water
Explain Anaerobic respiration and why and when it occurs
No oxygen
Incomplete breakdown of glucose to release a relatively small amount of energy for use in cell processes
Produces less ATP which allows you to escape from danger or complete a task
During vigorous exercise
Muscles in legs use up energy, and to get oxygen person has to breathe faster and heart has to pump faster
When the race/exercise proceeds heart and lungs cannot supply oxygen to the blood any faster and some extra energy is produced by anaerobic respiration in muscles
If anaerobic respiration continues, lactate collects in blood and may become toxic to blood as it lowers the ph in blood and this could denature enzymes in cells
Repaying the oxygen debt is when person has to breathe faster to get more oxygen. This extra oxygen breaks down lactate to carbon dioxide and water
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration
Glucose –> Lactate
Anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast and equation
Glucose–> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
What are 6 differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic:
requires oxygen
In mitochondria and cytoplasm
Produces more energy
Produces CO2 and water
Complete breakdown of glucose
Large amount of ATP
Anaerobic respiration:
no oxygen
only cytoplasm
Produces less energy
Produces CO2 and lactic acid
Incomplete breakdown of glucose
Small amount of ATP
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