Cspine - Main ones summarised Flashcards
Cervical strain
whiplash, causes Muscular + ligamentous structures of the cervical spine to be stretched beyond physiologic capacity
sudden hyperextension followed by hyper-flexion of the neck.
Commonly from Rear end automobile collisions or Sports trauma
Neck pain
Persistent stiffness
Trapezial/upper back pain
Muscle spasm
Headaches
Limited ROM
Approximately 50% of people fully recover within 1 year of WAD.
Herniation
When the outer part (annulus fibrosus) tears or splits, the gel (nucleus pulposus) can poke out. (think jam donut)
Traumatic events, some spontaneous cases
Most occur between C5 and T1
More common in elderly due to wear and tear & less water in discs
Age
Lack of regular exercise
Tobacco use
Poor posture
Frequent headaches
Limited ROM
Pain that originates around the paraspinal muscles radiates down one of the upper extremities
Stenosis
A condition in which the spinal canal is too small for the spinal cord and nerve roots. This can cause damage to the spinal cord.
Bone spurs.
Herniated disks.
Thick ligaments
Tumors
Spinal injuries.
<50
Scoliosis
Numbness
Tingling or weakness in a hand, leg, foot or arm
Neck pain
Common to present vague neurological symptoms -
Problems with walking and balance
Bowl and bladder inconsistence
Acute disc prolapse
Slipped disc pressing on a nerve root
Sudden unguarded flexion and rotation
Predisposed abnormality of disc with increased nuclear tension
30-50
Genetics, smoking, ageing, improper lifting
Pain and stiffness in the neck
Pain radiating to scapular region and occiput
Pain and paraesthesia in one lower limb, radiating to the outer elbow, back of wrist, index and middle fingers
Neck may be tilted forwards and sideways
Muscles tender and movements restricted
Pyogenic infection
Local inflammation of skin, soft tissue and bodily parts which are mainly caused by invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganism
Pathogen, usually staphylococcus, reaches the spine via the blood stream.
Later, abscess formation occurs and pus may extend into spinal canal or soft tissue planes of the neck
Pain in the neck, often associated with muscles spasm and stiffness
Severely limited neck ROM
Blood tests may show a leucocytosis and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Tuberculosis
spinal infection caused by tuberculosis
Blood borne infection that localises in the intervertebral disc and the anterior parts of the adjacent vertebral bodies
As bone crumbles the Cspine collapses into kyphosis
More common in children
Neck pain and stiffness
Retropharyngeal abscess (in neglected cases) causes difficulty swallowing. Shows as swelling in posterior triangle of neck
Neck extremely tender, all movements limited
Rheumatoid arthritis
Autoimmune disorder, occurs when your immune system mistakenly attacks your own body’s tissues.
4 main stages: 1)Preclinical 2) Synovitis 3) Destruction 4) Deformity
Mainly elderly women
Family history.
Smoking. C
Excess weight.
Neck pain and noticeable restriction
Tender, warm, swollen joints
Joint stiffness that is usually worse in the mornings and after inactivity
Fatigue, fever and loss of appetite
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Inflammatory disease that, over time, can cause some vertebrae to fuse
No known specific cause, though genetic factors seem to be involved
It’s thought disruption to the microbiome in your gut may play a role in its development.
Smoking.
Teenagers and young adults - 2x more common in men
First sign at lumber-sacral joint
Neck pain and stiffness, some years after onset of backache
Neck gradually becomes rigid and kyphotic, some movement preserved at atlantooccipital and atlantoaxial joints
Pain that’s worse in the morning or after sitting for a long time
A rigid spine that curves forward
Cervical Facet Syndrome
A type of osteoarthritis that occurs when the structure of one or more of the vertebral facet joints begins to deteriorate.
Cervical Artery Dysfunction
Umbrella term for rare vascular problems of the neck
Can involve the internal carotid and/or vertebral arteries
Trigger points
Discrete focal, hyperirritable spots located in a taut band of skeletal muscle. Produce pain locally
Acute trauma or repetitive micro trauma, leading to developmental stress on muscle fibres
Chronic disc degeneration
With time discs collapse and flatten. Bony spurs appear at the anterior and posterior margins of vertebral bodies on either side of affected disc
Disc can become calisifed, extra bone closes space even further
