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Macroanatomy > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the palpebrae (eyelids)

A

Protects the cornea
Spreads test film
Occludes light

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2
Q

What is the area at which upper and lower palpebrae meet

A

Medial and lateral commissures (canthus)

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3
Q

What are the conjunctiva

A

Mucus membrane (palpebral outer and bulbar inner)

Has goblet cells that produce protein part of tear film

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4
Q

What produces the lipid portion of tears

A

Tarsal glands

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5
Q

What is the lacrimal caruncle

A

A fleshy eminence in the medial canthus rostral to third eyelid

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6
Q

What is the third eyelid

A

A fold of tissue in the ventromedial area of the eye

Has a seromucus gland that secretes 30% of tear portion

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7
Q

What is the proper term for eyelashes

A

Cilia

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8
Q

What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus

A

Functions in the production, delivery and disposal of tear film

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9
Q

What are the four tear producing structures

A

Lacrimal gland (aqueous fluid)
Tarsal glands (lipids)
Conjunctiva goblet cells (mucus)
Superficial gland of third eyelid (seromucus)

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10
Q

How is tear film distributed

A

By blinking

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11
Q

What is the lacrimal lake

A

Between palepbral conjunctiva and the third eyelid
- a reservoir for tears to sit before they enter the nasolacrimal duct system

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12
Q

What are lacrimal puncta

A

Small openings to the lacrimal canaliculi

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13
Q

What are the lacrimal canaliculi

A

Small tubular pathways that connect at the lacrimal sac to the nasolacrimal duct -> tears leave here to the nasal cavity

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14
Q

What are the muscles of the eyelids

A

Orbicularis oculi
Levator palebrae superiosis
Retractor Anguli oculi lateralis

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15
Q

What is the function of the orbicularis oculi muscle

A

Closes the eyelids

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16
Q

What is the orbit of the skull

A

Area that houses the eye
- 75% bone
- 25% orbital ligament at the lateral edge

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17
Q

What are the fascial structures of the orbit

A

Periorbita
Muscular fascia
Bulbar sheath

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18
Q

What is the orbit ligament

A

Unites the zygomatic process of the frontal bone with the frontal process of zygomatic bone

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19
Q

How many extra ocular muscles are there

A

7

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20
Q

What is the function of the dorsal rectus muscle

A

Rotates the eye dorsally

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21
Q

What is the function of the ventral rectus muscle

A

Rotates the eye ventrally

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22
Q

What is the function of the medial rectus

A

Rotates the eye medially

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23
Q

What nerve innervates the rectus muscles

A

Oculomotor nerve (lateral is abducent nerve)

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24
Q

What is the function of the dorsal oblique muscle

A

Rotates the dorsal surface of the eye medially

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25
Q

What is the function of the ventral oblique muscle

A

Rotates the dorsal surface of the eye laterally

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26
Q

What is the function of the retractor muscle

A

Pulls the eye backwards into orbit

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27
Q

What muscle surrounds the optic nerve

A

Retractor muscle

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28
Q

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

A

Dorsal oblique muscle

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29
Q

Abducent nerve (CNVI)

A

Lateral rectus and retractor bulbi
(Abducts the eye)

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30
Q

What are the three concentric sheaths of tissue in the globe

A

Fibrous (superficial)
Vascular
Nervous (most deep)

31
Q

What makes up the fibrous part of the globe and what is its function

A

Sclera
Cornea
Limbus

Protection, control of light, refraction of light, conducts light rays to the retina

32
Q

What makes up the vascular portion of the globe (uvea)

A

Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris

33
Q

Where is the tapetum lucidum found

A

In the choroid

34
Q

Where are zonular fibers found

A

Ciliary bodies

35
Q

What is the junction of the sclera and cornea

A

The limbus

36
Q

What is the white part of the eye

A

Sclera

37
Q

What is the clear outer portion of the eye

A

Cornea

38
Q

What is the choroid

A

A network of blood vessels at the posterior eye

39
Q

What is the function of tapetum lucidum

A

Aids in low light

40
Q

What are the ciliary bodies

A

Thickened choroid which has ciliary smooth muscles that contract to change the shape of the lens in focusing (alters tension)

Zonular fibers attach the lens

41
Q

What is the iris

A

Coloured portion of the eye (vascular)

42
Q

What is the pupil

A

Opening to the iris (changes shape due to smooth muscles receiving innervation)

43
Q

What has sympathetic innervation to the eye

A

CN V

44
Q

What has parasympathetic innervation to the eye (CN III)

A
45
Q

What is the function of sympathetic innervation to the eye

A

To dilate the pupil

46
Q

What is the function of parasympathetic innervation to the eye

A

Constriction of the pupil

47
Q

What makes up the nervous layer of the eye

A

Retina and optic disc

48
Q

What is the retina

A

Contains rods and cones for sending information to the optic nerve

49
Q

What are the chambers of the eye

A

Anterior and posterior

50
Q

What is the anterior chamber of the eye

A

Located between the iris and cornea
- aqueous humour

51
Q

What is the posterior chamber of the eye

A

Located between iris and lens
- aqueous humour

52
Q

What is the vitreous chamber

A

Located between the lens and the retina
/ vitreous humour

53
Q

What helps to maintain the shape of the eye

A

Vitreous humour

54
Q

What is the anterior cavity

A

Anterior and posterior chambers

55
Q

What is the posterior cavity

A

Vitreous chamber

56
Q

What is the lens of the eye

A

Transparent biconcex structure
- avascular
- changes in shape for vision focusing

57
Q

What is the site of cataract formation

A

The lens of the eye

58
Q

What suspends the lens

A

Ciliary body fibers

59
Q

What nerve is sensory for vision

A

Optic nerve

60
Q

What nerve has somatic motor to dorsal, medial, ventral rectus and ventral oblique, levator palpebrae muscle

A

Oculomotor nerve

61
Q

What nerve has visceral motor to parasympathetic fibers to constrict the pupil

A

Oculomotor nerve

62
Q

What nerve is motor to the dorsal oblique muscle

A

Trochlear nerve

63
Q

What nerve is motor to the lateral rectus and retractor bulbi

A

Abducent nerve

64
Q

What nerve is motor to orbicularis oculi muscle and parasympathetic fibers for lacrimal gland secretion

A

Facial nerve

65
Q

What nerve is sensory to the eyelid, conjunctiva and cornea

A

Trigeminal nerve

66
Q

What is sympathetic to the dilator muscles of the iris

A

Sympathetic nerve fibers

67
Q

What is miosis

A

Constriction

68
Q

What is mydriasis

A

Dilation

69
Q

What is the normal response to a pupillary light reflex test

A

Pupillary constriction

70
Q

What cranial nerves are tested doing a palpebral reflex test

A

Trigeminal and facial

71
Q

What nerves are tested doing a menace response test

A

Optic nerve
Facial nerve

72
Q

What nerves are tested doing a pupillary light reflex test

A

Optic nerve
Oculomotor nerve

73
Q

What nerves are tested in a vestibular - ocular reflex test

A

Oculomotor
Trochlear
Abducent
Vestibulocochlear

Macroanatomy (7 decks)

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