Block 4: Practice Exam #1

Question 1

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the pelvic diaphragm?

A) It separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum.

B) It is pierced by the vagina in females.

C) It helps maintain urinary continence.

D) It helps maintain fecal continence.

E) It is synonymous with the levator ani.

Answer 1

It is synonymous with the levator ani

Question 2

The levator ani:

A) is innervated by pelvic splanchnic nerves.

B) actively contracts during coughing.

C) causes increased urination when spastic.

D) is part of the urogenital diaphragm.

E) actively contracts during inspiration.

Answer 2

actively contracts during coughing

Question 3

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to pelvic parasympathetic innervation?

A) It derives from spinal segments S2-4.

B) It stimulates rectal contraction for defecation.

C) It stimulates bladder contraction for urination.

D) It stimulates ejaculation.

E) The fibers are accompanied by visceral afferent fibers from pelvic viscera.

Answer 3

It stimulates bladder contraction for urination

Question 4

Detrusor muscle contraction is stimulated by:

A) the superior hypogastric nerve.

B) lumbar splanchnic nerves.

C) pelvic splanchnic nerves.

D) internal pudendal nerve.

E) contractions of the levator ani.

Answer 4

pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 5

The trigone of the bladder:

A) forms the boundaries of the internal urethral orifice.

B) is a slight elevation of the internal posterior wall produced by the prostate.

C) is the internal area demarcated by the internal urethral and ureteric orifices.

D) is the extraperitoneal part of the external surface.

E) is synonymous with the apex.

Answer 5

is the internal area demarcated by the internal urethral and ureteric orifices

Question 6

The vas deferens:

A) terminates by uniting with the duct of the seminal glands to form the ejaculatory
duct.

B) begins at the head of the testis.

C) is intraperitoneal.

D) is drained by lymph vessels destined for the deep inguinal nodes.

Answer 6

terminates by uniting with the duct of the seminal glands to form the ejaculatory
duct

Question 7

A middle-aged male patient complains of a weak “stream” and nocturia. You believe the most likely cause to be:

A) a bladder infection.

B) a spinal cord lesion affecting his pelvic splanchnic nerves.

C) prostatic hypertrophy.

D) a ureteric calculi. (kidney stone)

E) an obstruction of his intramural (preprostatic) urethra.

Answer 7

prostatic hypertrophy

Question 8

Hemorrhoids are:

A) enlarged anal lymph nodes.

B) infected anal sinuses.

C) varicosities in rectal/anal veins.

D) infected and enlarged anal mucus glands.

E) arteriovenous malformations in the anal mucosa.

Answer 8

varicosities in rectal/anal veins

Question 9

The blood that results in penile erection is primarily derived from the:

A) posterior scrotal arteries.

B) deep arteries of the penis.

C) deep branches of the external pudendal arteries.

D) deep dorsal vein.

E) superficial dorsal veins.

Answer 9

deep arteries of the penis

Question 10

Which of the following is not associated with male erection or ejaculation?

A) closure of the vesical (internal urethral) sphincter.

B) contraction of urethral smooth musculature.

C) contraction of bulbospongiosus.

D) parasympathetic impulses reaching the penis from
the prostatic nervous plexus.

E) contraction of the bladder

Answer 10

contraction of the bladder

Question 11

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the female perineum?

A) The greater vestibular glands are typically palpable.

B) The bulbs of the vestibule (bulbospongiosum muscle) are composed of erectile
tissue.

C) The vestibule is the space enclosed by the labia minora.

D) The mons pubis is composed of skin covering fatty tissue.

Answer 11

The greater vestibular glands are typically palpable

Question 12

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the ribs?

A) The first 7 are referred to as the true ribs.

B) Ribs 11 and 12 are typically “floating” (vertebral, free) ribs.

C) The tubercle of a typical rib attaches to the inferior articular facet of the corresponding vertebrae.

D) The head of a typical rib articulates with the bodies of two vertebrae.

E) The costal groove is associated with the intercostal vessels and nerve

Answer 12

The tubercle of a typical rib attaches to the inferior articular facet of the
corresponding vertebrae

Question 13

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the internal thoracic (mammary) artery?

A) It helps supply the breast via its anterior intercostal branches.

B) It passes anterior to the clavicle.

C) It lies superficial to the slips of the transverse thoracic muscle.

D) It is in contact with the parietal pleura.

E) It terminates in the 6th intercostal space by becoming the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries.

Answer 13

It passes anterior to the clavicle

Question 14

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the surface anatomy of the lungs?

A) Typically, the right lung has three lobes, and the left lung has two.

B) The lingula extends into and out of the costodiaphragmatic recess during
respiration.

C) Vascular and nervous structures enter each lung at its hilum.

D) The apex of each lung is in contact with the diaphragm.

E) The mediastinal surface of each lung is related to the heart and pericardium.

Answer 14

The apex of each lung is in contact with the diaphragm

Question 15

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the innervation of the lung or any part of the pleura?

A) It receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.

B) Cough reflex fibers (visceral afferents) accompany the vagus nerve.

C) Pain fibers supplied by intercostal nerves.

D) Pain can be referred to the shoulder.

E) Intrinsic smooth muscle is supplied by phrenic nerve

Answer 15

Intrinsic smooth muscle is supplied by phrenic nerve

Question 16

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the anatomy of the lung and/or pleura?

A) The parietal pleural generally extends three ribs inferior to the lung.

B) The bifurcation of the trachea occurs approximately at the level of the sternal angle.

C) The right main bronchus is wider and more vertical than the left.

D) Each main bronchus supplies a lung.

E) The right lung has a horizontal fissure

Answer 16

The parietal pleural generally extends three ribs inferior to the lung

Question 17

All of the following are true of the mediastinum except:

A) it consists primarily of hollow (air or liquid filled) visceral structures.

B) it contains the lungs.

C) it has relationships that change depending on whether the patient is in the upright or
supine position.

D) when widened inferiorly, it may indicate heart failure.

E) it contains lymph nodes.

Answer 17

it contains the lungs

Question 18

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the pericardium?

A) It consists of visceral and parietal layers of serous pericardium, and the fibrous
pericardium.

B) The visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium are continuous around the
aorta and pulmonary trunk where they exit the heart.

C) It is mainly supplied with blood from the pericardiophrenic artery.

D) It has pain fibers that are conveyed by the intercostal nerves.

E) It encloses the terminal part of the inferior vena cava.

Answer 18

It has pain fibers that are conveyed by the intercostal nerves

Question 19

The mitral valve:

A) is located between the right atrium and ventricle.

B) has cusps attached to pectinate muscles.

C) has three cusps.

D) is associated with a condition (mitral valve prolapse) in which blood regurgitates into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts.

E) is located posterior to the sternum at the level of the 2nd costal cartilage.

Answer 19

is associated with a condition (mitral valve prolapse) in which blood regurgitates into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts

Question 20

Which of the following is not true of the SA node?

A) It is located at the junction of the superior vena cava and right atrium near the superior end of the sulcus terminalis.

B) It is the pacemaker of the heart.

C) It sends impulses directly to the interventricular bundle of subendocardial branches
(fibers).

D) It receives sympathetic impulses from the first five to six thoracic segments that
accelerate its basal rate.

E) It receives parasympathetic impulses from the vagus nerve that decrease its basal
rate.

Answer 20

It sends impulses directly to the interventricular bundle of subendocardial branches
(fibers).

Question 21

Which of the following is not true of the right vagus nerve?

A) It passes anterior to the right subclavian artery.

B) It gives rise to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve.

C) It passes posterior to the root of the right lung.

D) It gives a branch to the right pulmonary plexus.

E) It gives rise to a branch that supplies sensory innervation to the diaphragm.

Answer 21

It gives rise to a branch that supplies sensory innervation to the diaphragm

Question 22

Which of the following is not true of the left phrenic nerve?

A) It traverses the superior mediastinum between left subclavian and common carotid
arteries.

B) It crosses anterior to the arch of the aorta.

C) It passes posterior to the root of the left lung.

D) It supplies motor fibers to the diaphragm.

E) It pierces the diaphragm.

Answer 22

It passes posterior to the root of the left lung

Question 23

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the thoracic sympathetic trunk?

A) It is in continuity with the cervical and lumbar sympathetic trunks.

B) It lies against the heads of the ribs in the superior part of the thorax.

C) It only supplies postganglionic sympathetic fibers to thoracic viscera.

D) It gives rise to the greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves.

E) It has white and gray rami at each level

Answer 23

It only supplies postganglionic sympathetic fibers to thoracic viscera

Question 24

A former construction worker who remodeled old buildings that contained asbestos insulation is found to have a malignancy growing from the visceral pleura of the lingula. In which of the following lung lobes is the tumor located?

A) right middle

B) left upper

C) right lower

D) right upper

E) left lower

Answer 24

left upper

Question 25

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the sympathetic motor system?

A) It consists of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons.

B) Postganglionic neurons typically liberate norepinephrine.

C) Preganglionic fibers pass through both the “white” and “gray” rami.

D) It contains fibers that reach viscera using splanchnic nerves.

E) It facilitates sweating.

Answer 25

Preganglionic fibers pass through both the “white” and “gray” rami

Question 26

Most muscle fibers of the external oblique muscle:

A) run transversely.

B) run inferomedially from their superior attachment.

C) run inferolaterally from their superior attachment.

D) pass deep to the linea alba.

E) pass deep to the inguinal ligament.

Answer 26

run inferomedially from their superior attachment

Question 27

The nerve supply to the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall:

A) pierces the peritoneum immediately prior to entering the deep surface of the muscle.

B) is derived from the sympathetic trunk.

C) travels between the internal oblique and transverses abdominis muscles.

D) also innervates the diaphragm.

E) is derived from sacral ventral rami.

Answer 27

travels between the internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscles

Question 28

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the rectus abdominis muscle or rectus sheath?

A) The linea alba separates (lies in the midline between) the two rectus muscles.

B) The attachments (tendinous insertions) between the muscle and the anterior layer of
sheath account for the abdominal definition (ripples) evident when muscular
individuals tense this muscle.

C) The posterior layer of the sheath is composed of the aponeuroses of the internal
oblique and the transversalis fascia throughout the extent of the sheath.

D) The external oblique aponeurosis contributes to the anterior wall of the sheath
throughout the craniocaudal extent of the sheath.

E) Transverse surgical incisions can be made in this muscle without resulting in
muscle fiber necrosis.

Answer 28

The posterior layer of the sheath is composed of the aponeuroses of the internal oblique and the transversalis fascia throughout the extent of the sheath

Question 29

The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall assist in all of the following activities except:

A) inspiration

B) defecation

C) sneezing

D) vomiting

E) parturition.

Answer 29

inspiration

Question 30

In examining a male patient you place your finger in his superficial inguinal ring and ask him to cough. You then feel a sudden impulse medial to your finger. You conclude that your patient most likely has:

A) a femoral hernia.

B) a direct inguinal hernia.

C) an undescended testis.

D) a supravesical hernia.

E) testicular cancer.

Answer 30

a direct inguinal hernia

Question 31

One of the standard tests of a newborn infant is to stroke the inside of its thigh to elicit the cremaster reflex. What would be the response you would expect to see?

A) twitching of the skin in the hypogastric region

B) closing of the labia

C) contraction of the dartos muscle

D) penile rigidity

E) testicular retraction

Answer 31

testicular retraction

Question 32

Which of the following is not correct for the sigmoid arteries?

A) They traverse the sigmoid mesocolon.

B) They help to form the marginal artery.

C) They arise from the inferior mesenteric artery.

D) They typically divide into ascending and descending branches.

E) They are the main source of blood to the left ureter.

Answer 32

They are the main source of blood to the left ureter

Question 33

Your friend was in an automobile accident in which his spleen was ruptured. Which of the following is least likely based on this knowledge?

A) The accident caused trauma to the left upper abdominal quadrant.

B) The spleen must be repaired or your friend will die.

C) The rupture resulted in the escape of red blood cells into the peritoneal cavity.

D) The inferior lobe of the left lung may also have been injured.

E) Ribs 9–11 on the left side were fractured

Answer 33

The spleen must be repaired or your friend will die

Question 34

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the pancreas?

A) The superior mesenteric artery lies anterior to its neck.

B) Its head is embraced mainly by the descending part of the duodenum.

C) It is retroperitoneal.

D) Its main duct joins with the common bile duct before entering the duodenum.

E) It is partially supplied by branches from the splenic artery.

Answer 34

The superior mesenteric artery lies anterior to its neck

Question 35

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the portal vein?

A) It is typically formed by the superior mesenteric and splenic veins posterior to the
neck of the pancreas.

B) It carries more of the total blood volume reaching the liver than any other vessel.

C) It is typically the most anterior of the structures within the hepatoduodenal ligament.

D) It divides into right and left branches at the porta hepatis.

E) It may spread cancer to the liver.

Answer 35

It is typically the most anterior of the structures within the hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 36

When the sphincter of the bile duct contracts:

A) bile is propelled into the duodenum.

B) bile is forced into the gallbladder for concentration and storage.

C) pancreatic juices are prevented from entering the duodenum.

D) bile flow in the common hepatic duct is occluded.

E) bile flow in the cystic duct is occluded.

Answer 36

bile is forced into the gallbladder for concentration and storage

Question 37

The renal fascia:

A) separates the kidney from the ureter.

B) usually prevents pus from a perinephric abscess from spreading to the contralateral
kidney.

C) prevents the kidney from moving during respiration.

D) holds the renal artery and vein together.

E) is composed of peritoneum

Answer 37

usually prevents pus from a perinephric abscess from spreading to the contralateral
kidney

Question 38

Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to the kidneys?

A) The right kidney is related anteriorly to the liver, duodenum, and ascending colon.

B) The left kidney is related anteriorly to stomach, spleen, pancreas, jejunum, and
descending colon.

C) The renal pelvis is the junction between the renal artery and the renal hilum.

D) Extension of the hip joint may increase pain associated with kidney disease.

E) Both kidneys are retroperitoneal

Answer 38

The renal pelvis is the junction between the renal artery and the renal hilum

Question 39

The ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves:

A) innervate the psoas muscle.

B) pass posterior to the quadratus lumborum.

C) are both L1 ventral rami.

D) together form the lumbosacral trunk.

E) supply the adductor muscles of the thigh

Answer 39

are both L1 ventral rami

Question 40

Which of the following is not an anterior relation of the abdominal aorta?

A) pancreas

B) horizontal part of duodenum

C) left kidney

D) coils of jejunum and ileum

E) root of the mesentery

Answer 40

horizontal part of duodenum

Question 41

The parasympathetic system:

A) is a lumbosacral outflow system.

B) has a greater distribution than the sympathetic system.

C) causes reduced blood flow to the limbs in cold conditions.

D) has relatively short postganglionic neurons compared to the sympathetic system.

E) is associated with fibers that convey pain from the limbs

Answer 41

has relatively short postganglionic neurons compared to the sympathetic system

Question 42

Some cranial nerves carry parasympathetic preganglionic fibers that end in parasympathetic ganglia. These ganglia give rise to postganglionic fibers that innervate secretory glands in the head and neck. Which nerve and ganglion are responsible for the normal secretory functions of the sublingual salivary glands?

A) CN VII and otic ganglion

B) CN IX and submandibular ganglion

C) CN VII and pterygopalatine ganglion

D) CN VII and submandibular ganglion

E) CN IX and otic ganglion

Answer 42

CN VII and submandibular ganglion

Question 43

The otic ganglion, which is found in the infratemporal fossa, receives preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from what nerve?

A) CN III

B) CN VII

C) CN IX

D) CN X

Answer 43

CN IX

Question 44

Most of the neuronal cell bodies of the postganglionic sympathetic neurons providing sympathetic innervation to the smooth muscle and glands in the head are located in:

A) Celiac ganglion

B) CN III, VII, IX< X

C) Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

D) T1 sympathetic chain

Answer 44

Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

Question 45

What is the name of the membrane that closely envelops each lung?

A) clavipectoral fascia

B) serous pericardium

C) transversalis fascia

D) visceral pleura

Answer 45

visceral pleura

Question 46

Renal filtrate (urine) enters the minor calyces from the tips of the:

A) major calyces

B) renal capsule

C) renal cortex

D) renal pyramids

Answer 46

renal pyramids

Question 47

The urinary structure that is unpaired in a normal person is:

A) Bladder

B) Kidney

C) Renal artery

D) Ureter

Answer 47

bladder

Question 48

An infection of the mediastinum would affect all of the following structures EXCEPT:

A) esophagus

B) heart

C) lungs

D) thymus gland

Answer 48

lungs

Question 49

A lesion of the gray rami communicans injures which of the following nerve fibers?

A) preganglionic sympathetic

B) postganglionic parasympathetic

C) postganglionic sympathetic

D) somatic efferent

Answer 49

postganglionic sympathetic

Question 50

The pudendal nerve:

A) arises from the lumbar plexus

B) innervates the testis and epididymis

C) passes superficial to the sacrotuberous ligament

D) provides motor fibers to the coccygeus muscle (levator ani)

Answer 50

provides motor fibers to the coccygeus muscle (levator ani)

Question 51

All of the following are components of the posterior abdominal wall EXCEPT:

A) iliacus

B) psoas major

C) quadratus lumborum

D) transverse abdominis

Answer 51

iliacus

Question 52

A fractured rib in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen can potentially damage which organ?

A) liver

B) sigmoid colon

C) spleen

D) stomach

Answer 52

liver

Question 53

Which of the following nerves would carry efferent impulses of the cremaster reflex (elevation of the testes do to contraction of the cremaster muscle)?

A) femoral

B) genitofemoral

C) iliohypogastric

D) lateral femoral cutaneous

Answer 53

genitofemoral

Question 54

The kidneys are protected by two layers of fat that are separated by the:

A) peritoneum

B) pleura

C) renal capsule

D) renal fascia

Answer 54

renal fascia

Question 55

The longest segment of the male urethra is the:

A) membranous part

B) prostatic part

C) seminal part

D) spongy part

Answer 55

spongy part

Question 56

The quadratus lumborum muscle has attachments to all of the following EXCEPT:

A) body’s of lumbar vertebrae

B) iliac crest

C) iliolumbar ligament

D) lower border of the 12th rib

Answer 56

body’s of lumbar vertebrae

Question 57

Which of the following organs is considered retroperitoneal?

A) ilium

B) kidney

C) liver

D) stomach

Answer 57

kidney

Question 58

The function of the fluid from the prostate gland is to:

A) lubricate the urethra

B) promote motility of the sperm

C) neutralize the acidic environment of the urethra

D) nourish the sperm

Answer 58

promote motility of the sperm

Question 59

Jim was standing in a public restroom which had a line behind him. anxious (a sympathetic response) and could not urinate. Why?

A) his bladder had ruptured

B) his detrusor muscle was contracting too hard

C) his external urethral sphincter was contracted

D) his internal urethral sphincter was contracted

Answer 59

his internal urethral sphincter was contracted

Question 60

Ejaculation involves:

A) parasympathetic system

B) somatic system

C) sympathetic system

D) Both A & B

Answer 60

sympathetic system