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anatomy bds3 > The Ear > Flashcards

The Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Which bone houses the vestibule-cochlear apparatus

A

The petrosal temporal bone

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2
Q

Which two cranial nerves pass the internal aucostic meatus

A

The vestibulocochlaer and facial nerve

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3
Q

What is the ear the organ of

A

Hearing and equilibrium

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4
Q

What membrane separates the middle ear from the external ear

A

The tympanic membrane

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5
Q

Which structure joins the nasopharynx to the middle ear

A

The auditory tube

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6
Q

How does the external ear deal with the hearing process

A

The auricle and external aucostic meatus capture sound waves and direct them to the tympanic membrane

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7
Q

How does the internal ear process hearing

A

The semi-circular canals and the cochlea convert mechanical signals to electric signals which are transmitted to the brain via the vestbulocochlear nerve

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8
Q

What is the main sensory innervation of the external ear

A

Largely by the greater auricular and auriculotemporal nerves

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9
Q

What is the function of the external ear

A

Supportive function
- catches and funnels the sound into the external aucoustic meatus and then to the tympanic membrane and inner ear

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10
Q

What kind of epithelium is the external aucousti meatus lined with

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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11
Q

What are cermunious glands

A

The modified sweat glands that secrete ear wax

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12
Q

What is the function of the ear wax and the hairs in the external aucostic meatus

A

To keep forgein bodes away from the tympanic membrane

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13
Q

How is the tympanic membrane held in the temporal bone

A

By a fibrocatilganeous ring

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14
Q

When looking in an otoscope of the tympanic membrane what is a key feature of a heathy ear and why is this?

A

A cone of light ( caused from light from the otoscope) this is health as it means there is no fluid accumulation or pathology

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15
Q

Which are the two small muslces oresent in the tympanic cavity ( middle ear)

A

The stapedius and the tensor tympani

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16
Q

What are the three ossicles of the ear

A

Malleus, incus and stapes

17
Q

What is the function of he tensor tympani and the stapedius

A

They resit the movement of the ossicles protecting hte ear if there are loud sounds

18
Q

What is the innervation to the stapedius

A

Nerve to stapedius - brach of the facial nerve

19
Q

What is the nerve supply of the tensor tympani

A

Mandibular divsion of the trigeminal nerve

20
Q

What does the end of the cartilagenouss tube of the auditory tube form

A

The torus tabuarius - in the wal of the nasopharynx

21
Q

What is the function of the auditory tube

A

To connect the middle ear with the nasopharynx and to facialte pressure equalisation

22
Q

Why can respiratory tract infections sometimes cause middle ear infections as well?

A

Due to the connection of the middle ear and the nasopharynx from the auditory tube which can often facialte infection spread

23
Q

Patient has a Schwannoma( begnign tumour affecting CN8) requiring surgery at the internal aucostic meatus - which nerve is potentially at risk

A

The facial nerve

24
Q

The facial nerve through its course gives off the greater petrosal nerve and chorda tympani - what are the functions of these nerves

A

Greater petrosal nerve sends parasympathetic fibres to the ptergopaltine ganglion

Chorda tympani - carrying parasympathetic fibres to submandibular ganglion and running with the lingual nerve. Taste to anterior 2/3 of the tongue

25
Q

The facial nerve also sends off a small branch called the nerve to stapedius what does this do

A

This nerve functions to innervate the stapedius muscle which dampens the movement of Stapes which is an ossicle

26
Q

Why is there a risk of infection between the middle ear and middle cranial fossa?

A

This is because the here is a thin roof of bone between these two areas, if the infection is very severe it can erode the bone and affect the vascular structures

27
Q

Which ossicle does the tensor tympani attach to

A

Malleus

28
Q

How re the mastoid air cells connected to the middle ear

A

Through mastoid antrum

29
Q

Infections in the middle ear are common and what re they most often caused by

A

Obstruction in the auditory tube

30
Q

Chronic ear infections may lead to the mastoid air cells causing a conditin called mastoiditis - why may surgeons be war of operating

A

Due to the close proximity of the facial nerve

31
Q

What is the medical name for chronic ear infections

A

Otitis media

32
Q

What does conductive hearing loss mean

A

When the issue is which transmission of sound mechanically via the ossicles rather than with the vestibulocochlear nerve

33
Q

What is glue ear

A

Otitis media with effusion - tends to affect children more and it is a build up of fluid in the ear behind the tympanic membrane - affecting hearing

34
Q

What organ does the inner ear contain

A

The vestubulocochealr organ which is concerned with reception of sound and maintenance of balance

35
Q

What kind of fluid does the only labyrinth in the inner ear contain

A

Perilypmh

36
Q

CN8 leaves the crnial fossae via the interal acoustic meatus and divides into two parts , what are these towparts and what are they responsible for

A

A cochlear nerve and a vestibular nerve

Vestibular nerve = equilibrium and balance

Cochlear =hearing

37
Q

What is neural hearing loss

A

This is when the problem is with the nerve or a problem with the cochlea

Rather than the mechanical transmission of sound

38
Q

Where does the information the vestibular nerve carries come from

A

The semicircular canals

39
Q

Wha are some symptoms of damage to this nerve

A

Ataxia (clumsy voluntary movements)
Vertigo ( feels like everything is spinning enough to affect balance )
Nausea

This is because this nerve is responsible for balance o

anatomy bds3 (19 decks)

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