Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

State 3 differences between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell

A

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus whereas eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome whereas eukaryotic cells have many linear chromosomes.
Prokaryotic cells have a plasmid where as eukaryotic cells have no plasmid.
Prokaryotic cells have no membrane bound organelles whereas eukaryotic cells do have membrane bound organelles.

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2
Q

State 3 structures a plant (eukaryotic cell) has that an animal (eukaryotic cell) does not.

A

Plant cells have chloroplasts, cell wall and a permanent vacuole whereas animal cells do not

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3
Q

Describe the 3 parts of cell theory.

A

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
All living things are made from one or more cells or from products of cells.

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4
Q

State the word equation for aerobic cellular respiration

A

glucose + oxyen –> carbon dioxide + water

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5
Q

Describe 3 steps required to make a wet mount slide.

A

Place a drop of water on to a slide
Place a thin piece of the sample on to the slide
Place a drop of _________ stain on to the slide
Use a paper towel to draw the stain through
Put a coverslip on top

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6
Q

Define the function of the nucleus

A

Contains DNA which controls cellular functions by coding for proteins

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7
Q

Define the function of the mitochondrion

A

Site of aerobic cellular respiration

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8
Q

Define the function of the ribosome

A

Site of polypeptide synthesis

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9
Q

Define the function of the Golgi body/apparatus

A

Final modification and packaging of proteins into secretory vesicles

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10
Q

Define the function of the lysosome

A

Contains digestive enzymes for the destruction of unwanted cellular material

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11
Q

Define the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Folding polypeptides into proteins and transport them into transport vesicles

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12
Q

State the word equation for photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water –> oxygen and glucose (excess water, chlorophyll and light written over/under the arrow)

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13
Q

State the organelles involved in the synthesis ofa protein for export out of a cell, in order.<

A

Nucleus, 80s ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, transport vesicle, golgi body, secretory vesicle.

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14
Q

Define the function of the chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis

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15
Q

State three pieces of evidence for the theory of endosymbiosis

A

Bacterial ribosomal RNA, own DNA genome, double membrane, divide by binary fission

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16
Q

Draw a prokaryotic cell.

A

Plasma membrane, mesosome, cell wall, plasmid, single circular chromosome, 70s ribosomes, cytosol

17
Q

Define the function of the plasma membrane.

A

Regulates the inputs and outputs of the cell

18
Q

Define the function of the cell wall

A

Provides structure and support for the cell

19
Q

Define the function of the cytosol

A

Fluid part of the cell where some chemical reactions occur

20
Q

Define the function of the transport vesicle

A

Transports the protein from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi apparatus

21
Q

Define the function of the secretory vesicle

A

Secretes the protein out of the cell by exocytosis

22
Q

Which two organelles support the theory of endosymbiosis

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

23
Q

Calculate the overall magnification of a specimen when the objective lens is set to x10 magnification

A

x10 (objective lens), x10 (ocular lens)
10 x 10 = x100 magnification

24
Q

Describe what will happen to the field of view when magnification is changed from x100 to x400

A

When magnification is increased 4x, the field of view will decrease by 4x

25
Q

List the rules for biological drawings

A

Pencil drawing
Plain white paper
½ page in size
Include title and magnification
Label parts of the drawing
Draw only what you see
No shading/colouring
Use a ruler for labels with no arrowheads

26
Q

Define mitosis

A

Mitosis is the process by which the nucleus of a somatic cell replicates or divides.

27
Q

Describe what occurs during prophase

A

Chromosomes become visible and condensed.
Nuclear membrane disappears

28
Q

Describe what occurs during metaphase

A

Chromosomes align on the equator of the cell.
Spindle fibres attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.

29
Q

Describe what occurs during anaphase

A

Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibres

30
Q

Describe what occurs during telophase

A

Two new nuclear membranes and two new nuclei form.
In an animal cell a cleavage furrow forms
In a plant cell a cell plate forms

31
Q

What is the theory of endosymbiosis?

A

A smaller prokaryotic cell was engulfed by a larger prokaryotic cell, this resulted in the first eukaryotic cells

32
Q

Draw and label a plant cell

A

Nucleus
plasma membrane
Cytosol
80s ribosomes
Mitochondrion
rough endoplasmic reticulum
transport vesicle
Golgi apparatus
secretory vesicle.
Cellulose cell wall
Chloroplast
Permanent vacuole

33
Q

Draw and label an animal cell

A
34
Q

Why is water added when creating a wet mount slide?

A

To mimic the natural conditions of the cell and prevent it from drying out

35
Q

Why does a sample need to be thin when creating a wet mount slide?

A

To allow light to pass through

36
Q

Which stain is used when creating a wet mount slide of an animal cell?

A

Methylene blue

37
Q

Which stain is used when creating a wet mount slide of a plant cell?

A

Iodine

38
Q

Why are stains used when creating a wet mount slide?

A

To make the nucleus/organelles/chromosomes more visible