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Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What are some Aminoglycosides?

A

Amikacin, Gentamicin, Neomycin, Tobramycin

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2
Q

What are some Carbapenems?

A

Imipenem

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3
Q

What are some First Generation Cephalosporins?

A

Cephalexin, Cefadroxil, Cephapirin, Cefazolin

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4
Q

What are some Second Generation Cephalosporins?

A

Cefotetan, Cefoxitin

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5
Q

What are some Third Generation Cephalosporins?

A

Cefovecin (CONVENIA), Cefpodoxime, Ceftiofur, Ceftriaxone

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6
Q

What are some Fourth Generation Cephalosporins?

A

Cefepime

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7
Q

What are some Macrolides?

A

Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Tulathromycin, Tilmicosin, Tylosin

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8
Q

What are some forms of Penicillins?

A

Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanate, Ampicillin, Penicillin G

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9
Q

What are some forms of Tetracyclines?

A

Doxycycline, Minocycline

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10
Q

What are some forms of Lincosamides?

A

Clindamycin

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11
Q

What are some forms of Fluoroquinolones?

A

Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Marbofloxacin, Orbifloxacin

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12
Q

What are some forms of Sulfonamides?

A

Sulfadiazine/Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (SMZ), Sulfadimethoxine (ALBON)

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13
Q

What are some forms of antibacterials?

A

Chloramphenicol, Florfenicol, Metronidazole, Rifampin, Vancomycin

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14
Q

What are some forms of Antifungals?

A

Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, Griseofulvin, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole

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15
Q

What are some forms of Antivirals?

A

Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Lysine, Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

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16
Q

What are bactericidals?

A

kill the organism

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17
Q

What is bacteriostatic?

A

inhibits growth of organism

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18
Q

What kinds of toxicity are seen with aminoglycosides?

A

nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

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19
Q

What are beta-lactams?

A

antibiotics that bind to and inactivate enzymes required for cell wall synthesis

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20
Q

What are beta-lactamases?

A

enzymes bacteria produce that break open that ring inhibiting the antibiotic

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21
Q

What is the alternate name for Convenia?

A

Cefovecin

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22
Q

What infections are Cephalosporins commonly used to treat?

A

skin infections, cystitis, respiratory disease

23
Q

What injectable Cephalosporin is used for surgical prophylaxis?

A

Cefazolin

24
Q

What is Ceftiofur commonly used for in large animal?

A

used to treat respiratory infection in large animals and foot rot

25
Q

What side effect can occur in horses given Erythromycin?

A

can sometimes cause fatal diarrhea in horses

26
Q

What infections is azithromycin commonly used for?

A

Bordetella (Kennel Cough) in dogs, Mycoplasma infections, upper respiratory infections in cats

27
Q

What does Tulathromycin treat?

A

respiratory infection in non-lactating dairy cattle , bovine foot rot, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

28
Q

Tilmicosin is potentially lethal to __________________.

A

humans, swine and horses

29
Q

What are Tilmicosin and Tylosin used to treat?

A

bovine respiratory disease, diarrhea in pigs, and poultry diseases

30
Q

Which drug is a potentiated penicillin containing clavulanic acid?

A

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate

31
Q

What does Clavulanic acid do?

A

binds beta-lactamases and penicillinases produced by bacterial agents

32
Q

What type of infections might we use the different Penicillins for?

A

susceptible infections

33
Q

What can Tetracycline cause in young animals?

A

causes teeth/bone discoloration in young animals

34
Q

What can Doxycycline cause in cats?

A

esophageal stricture in cats

35
Q

What are Tetracyclines used to treat?

A

Tick borne diseases (Lyme), Mycoplasma infections and chlamydia (respiratory)

36
Q

What are the side effects of Fluoroquinolones?

A

cartilage damage in young growing animals

37
Q

Why should Fluoroquinolones be used only after culture and sensitivity?

A

there is concern for resistance

38
Q

What Fluoroquinolones is commonly used to treat prostate infections?

A

Enrofloxacin

39
Q

What are the side effects of Sulfonamides?

A

KCS in dogs, bone marrow suppression, rapid IV injection can cause weakness, blindness, ataxia, collapse, hemolytic anemia

40
Q

What are Sulfonamides used for?

A

E. coli infection in calves, Colibacillosis in swine, prostate infections, susceptible infections

41
Q

What is Sulfadiazine/Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (SMZ)
used for?

A

prostate infections and MRSA

42
Q

What is Sulfadimethoxine used for?

A

coccidia in dogs, Streptococcus equi in horses, shipping fever complex, bacterial pneumonia and foot rot in cattle

43
Q

What effect does Chloramphenicol have on humans?

A

aplastic anemia

44
Q

What animals is Chloramphenicol prohibited in?

A

food animals

45
Q

What are the side effects of Metronidazole?

A

neurologic disorders (seizures), GI signs, hepatotoxicity there has been reported clostridial diarrhea and death after metronidazole use in horses

46
Q

What is Rifampin used to treat in large animals?

A

R. equi in young horses

47
Q

What are Lincosamides used to treat?

A

wounds/abscesses, Toxoplasma in cats, bone infections

48
Q

What is Clindamycin commonly used to treat?

A

bone, dental infections, and toxoplasmosis

49
Q

What is the treatment of choice for blastomycosis and is FDA approved for treatment of ringworm in cats?

A

Itraconazole

50
Q

What antifungal is also used in Cushing’s treatment?

A

Ketoconazole

51
Q

MIC

A

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

52
Q

What is MIC?

A

the lowest concentration that shows inhibition of growth

53
Q

What drugs are used to treat Giardia?

A

Metronidazole

54
Q

What drugs are used to treat tick borne and rickettsial diseases?

A

Tetracyclines

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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